Cell biology

Question 1

Examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Plant and animal

Question 2

Example of prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Characteristics of bacteria cells

Answer 3

Single celled
No nucleus just a single loop of DNA
Smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Name the components of a bacteria cell (6)

Answer 4

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA loop
Flagellum
Plasmids

Question 5

What is the plasmid

Answer 5

DNA rings

Question 6

Function of cell membrane

Answer 6

Controls movement of substances in and out of cell

Question 7

Function of mitochondria

Answer 7

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

Question 8

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 8

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

Function of ribosomes

Answer 9

Enable production of proteins - protein synthesis

Question 10

Function of cell wall

Answer 10

Strengthens and supports the cell

Question 11

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 11

Where chemical reactions happen

Question 12

What does nucleus contain

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

What does the permanent vacuole contain

Answer 13

Cell sap

Question 14

Name components of animal cell (5)

Answer 14

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 15

Name components of plant cell (8)

Answer 15

Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 16

Equation for magnification

Answer 16

Magnification = image size divided by actual size

Question 17

Light microscope advantages and disadvantages

Answer 17

+ living samples can be used
Cheap
See colour

• low magnification
  Low resolution

Question 18

What does light microscope use to form images

Answer 18

Light

Question 19

Electron microscope advantages and disadvantages

Answer 19

+ high magnification
High resolution

• expensive
  Samples cannot be living
  Black and white

Question 20

What does electron microscope use to form images

Answer 20

Beam of electrons

Question 21

Which microscope allows you to view sub cellular structures

Answer 21

Electron

Question 22

Function of sperm cell

Answer 22

Fertilise an egg

Question 23

Adaptation of a sperm cell (3)

Answer 23

Tail to move quickly to egg
Lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration
Streamlined pointy head

Question 24

Function of red blood cell

Answer 24

Transport oxygen around body

Question 25

Adaptations of red blood cell (3)

Answer 25

No nucleus so more room to carry oxygen
Haemoglobin that binds to oxygen molecules
Flat bi-concave shape to increase SA to vol ratio

Question 26

Muscle cell function

Answer 26

Contract and relax to allow movement

Question 27

Muscle cell adaption (2)

Answer 27

Contains protein fibres which contract to make cells shorter
Contains lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration allowing muscle to contract

Question 28

Function of nerve cell

Answer 28

Carry electrical impulses around body

Question 29

Adaptions of nerve cell (2)

Answer 29

Branched endings (dendrites) to make connections with other neurones
Myelin sheath insulates axon to increase transmission speed of electrical impulses

Question 30

Function of root hair cell

Answer 30

Absorb mineral ions and water from soil

Question 31

Adaptions of root hair cell (2)

Answer 31

Long projection speed up absorption of water and mineral ions - bigger SA
Lots of mitochondria to release energy for active transport of mineral ions

Question 32

Function of palisade cell

Answer 32

Enable photosynthesis in leaf

Question 33

Adaptions of palisade cell (2)

Answer 33

Lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to absorb light energy
Located at top of leaf where it can absorb the most light energy