Communicable diseases Flashcards
What is a pathogen
Microorganisms that cause disease
What are the 4 types of pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Virus
How can pathogens be spread (3)
In the air
In water
Through direct contact
Give 3 examples of virus
Measles
HIV
TMV
How is measles spread
Droplets produced by coughing and sneezing
Symptoms of measles
Fever
Red skin rash
What can be done to prevent measles
Vaccination of children
How is HIV spread
Sexual contact
Exchange of bodily fluids
Symptoms of HIV
Fever
Fatigue
Diarrhoea
What can HIV lead to and why
AIDS
Immune system is so damaged by the virus that it cannot fight infections
How do viruses harm cells
Reproduce rapidly that destroy or harm cells
Two examples of bacteria
Salmonella and gonorrhoea
What do bacteria do inside the body
Reproduce rapidly
Produce toxins to damage tissues
How is salmonella spread
Contaminated food that is eaten
Symptoms of salmonella
Fever
Cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Prevention of salmonella
Poultry are vaccinated against bacteria
Cook food thoroughly
How is gonorrhoea spread
Direct sexual contact
Symptoms of gonorrhoea
Think green or yellow discharge
Pain when urinating
Treatment and prevention of gonorrhoea
Antibiotics
Contraception
How to prevent HIV
Check partners sexual history
Wear contraception
Example of fungi
Rose black spot
How is rose black spot spread
Water
Wind
Symptoms of rose black spot
Purple or black spots on leaves
Stunted growth due to lack of photosynthesis
Prevention and treatment of rose black spot
Fungicides
Affected leaves removed
Example of protist
Malaria
Symptoms of malaria
Fever
Headache
Fatigue
How is malaria spread
By mosquitos who are vectors
Prevention and treatment of malaria
Vaccine
Mosquito nets
Mosquito spray
How to control spread of communicable diseases and example (4)
Hygiene - wash hands
Isolation - stay at home
Controlling vectors - control mosquito population
Vaccination - in school to reduce spread
What are some signs that a plant is diseased
Stunted growth
Spots
Discolouration
Pest infestation
Areas of rot and decay
What are the 3 plant defences
Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Examples of chemical barriers
Antibacterial chemicals
Poisonous berries
Examples of physical barriers
Cellulose cell wall
Waxy cuticle
Bark on trees
Examples of mechanical defences
Thorns, hairs to prevent being eaten
Leaves that curl when touched to scare insects
Mimicking appearance of poisonous plants
What are aphids
Insects that suck sap from stems of plants
What do aphids on plants result in
Reduced growth
Wilting
Discolouration of leaves
What other insect can control aphids
Ladybird larvae eat aphids
