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Biology > Communicable diseases > Flashcards

Communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pathogen

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of pathogens

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Virus

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3
Q

How can pathogens be spread (3)

A

In the air
In water
Through direct contact

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of virus

A

Measles
HIV
TMV

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5
Q

How is measles spread

A

Droplets produced by coughing and sneezing

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6
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

Fever
Red skin rash

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7
Q

What can be done to prevent measles

A

Vaccination of children

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8
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Sexual contact
Exchange of bodily fluids

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9
Q

Symptoms of HIV

A

Fever
Fatigue
Diarrhoea

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10
Q

What can HIV lead to and why

A

AIDS
Immune system is so damaged by the virus that it cannot fight infections

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11
Q

How do viruses harm cells

A

Reproduce rapidly that destroy or harm cells

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12
Q

Two examples of bacteria

A

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

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13
Q

What do bacteria do inside the body

A

Reproduce rapidly
Produce toxins to damage tissues

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14
Q

How is salmonella spread

A

Contaminated food that is eaten

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15
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

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16
Q

Prevention of salmonella

A

Poultry are vaccinated against bacteria
Cook food thoroughly

17
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread

A

Direct sexual contact

17
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Think green or yellow discharge
Pain when urinating

18
Q

Treatment and prevention of gonorrhoea

A

Antibiotics
Contraception

19
Q

How to prevent HIV

A

Check partners sexual history
Wear contraception

20
Q

Example of fungi

A

Rose black spot

21
Q

How is rose black spot spread

A

Water
Wind

22
Q

Symptoms of rose black spot

A

Purple or black spots on leaves
Stunted growth due to lack of photosynthesis

23
Q

Prevention and treatment of rose black spot

A

Fungicides
Affected leaves removed

24
Q

Example of protist

A

Malaria

25
Q

Symptoms of malaria

A

Fever
Headache
Fatigue

26
Q

How is malaria spread

A

By mosquitos who are vectors

27
Q

Prevention and treatment of malaria

A

Vaccine
Mosquito nets
Mosquito spray

28
Q

How to control spread of communicable diseases and example (4)

A

Hygiene - wash hands
Isolation - stay at home
Controlling vectors - control mosquito population
Vaccination - in school to reduce spread

29
Q

What are some signs that a plant is diseased

A

Stunted growth
Spots
Discolouration
Pest infestation
Areas of rot and decay

30
Q

What are the 3 plant defences

A

Physical
Chemical
Mechanical

31
Q

Examples of chemical barriers

A

Antibacterial chemicals
Poisonous berries

32
Q

Examples of physical barriers

A

Cellulose cell wall
Waxy cuticle
Bark on trees

33
Q

Examples of mechanical defences

A

Thorns, hairs to prevent being eaten
Leaves that curl when touched to scare insects
Mimicking appearance of poisonous plants

34
Q

What are aphids

A

Insects that suck sap from stems of plants

35
Q

What do aphids on plants result in

A

Reduced growth
Wilting
Discolouration of leaves

36
Q

What other insect can control aphids

A

Ladybird larvae eat aphids

Biology (19 decks)

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