Renal XI: Embryology and Bladder Flashcards
Metanephric blastema –> metanephric ______ –> metanephric ______ –> metanephric ______
Spheroid; vesicle; tubule
Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in men.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in YOUNGER men.
Urethral stricture
Overflow incontinence results from ___-reactive bladder or ____-reactive outflow tract.
Under; Over
Stress incontinence results from ___-reactive outflow tract.
Under
Urge incontinence results from ___-reactive bladder.
Over
What structure? Buds from a portion of the mesonephric duct near its joining with the cloaca, enveloped by ________.
Ureteric bud; metanephric blastema
What structure? Developing epithelia from the ureteric bud generates tubules that run parallel to each other from the medulla into the cortical regions of the kidney
Malpighian pyramids
What structure? Develops into the oviducts and uterus in females
paramesonephric duct
What structure? Metanephric blastema is induced to differentiated, forming the _______ (cluster of metanephric mesodermal cells)
metanephric spheroid
What structure? Nephrotomes vesiculate and join to form a duc
Pronephric duct
What structure? originates as endoderm from the cloaca and separates from the hindgut at ~6-7 weeks
Urogenital sinus
What structure? structure within the urogenital ridge from which nephrotomes develop within each somite
Nephrogenic cord
What structure? The ________ develops from invagination of the coelom wall and runs along the Wolffian body (urogenital ridge) to join with the cloaca
paramesonephric duct
What structure? The pronephric duct is added to by caudal nephrotomes to become the ______.
Mesonephric duct
What structure? The remnant of the mesonephric duct is the ________, which becomes the _________ in the male reproductive system
Wolffian duct; epididymis, ductus deferens
What structure? tissue that runs laterally and ventrally to the dorsal aorta along the embryonic coelom
Urogenital ridge
Which mature structures originate from the urogenital sinus?
Bladder and urethra
Which nerve type? Causes the detrusor muscle to contract
Parasympathetic
Which nerve type? Controls action of the external sphincter
Somatic
Which nerve type? Increases tension in smooth muscle of bladder neck and proximal urethra to prevent micturition
Sympathetic
Which nerve type? Inhibits detrusor contraction
Sympathetic
Which nerve type? Senses bladder fullness via pelvic floor muscles
Somatic
Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Sacral splanchnics (S2-S4)
Which nerves provide somatic innervation to the bladder?
Pudendal (S2-S4)
Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation to the bladder?
Hypogastric (T10-L2)
Which part of the brain? Facilitates micturition
Cerebellum and Brainstem
Which part of the brain? Inhibits micturition
Cortex
Which structures in the mature renal system originate from the metanephric blastema?
Glomeruli, proximal tubules, loops of Henle, distal tubules
Which structures in the mature renal system originate from the ureteric bud?
Ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubules and ducts
