Renal VIII: Acid-Base Physiology and Disturbances

Question 1

_____ chloride in the urine (____) is indicative of chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis

Answer 1

Decreased (

Question 2

A decrease in albumin of 1mg/dL necessitates ______tion of ____ to the AG

Answer 2

addition; 2.5

Question 3

A negative anion gap indicates that the cause of the metabolic acidosis is ______.

Answer 3

extrarenal

Question 4

A positive anion gap indicates that the cause of the metabolic acidosis is _____.

Answer 4

renal

Question 5

AG must be corrected for loss of ______

Answer 5

albumin

Question 6

Ammonia trapping is regulated by ______.

Answer 6

Glutaminase

Question 7

Causes of metabolic alkalosis (7)

Answer 7

GI losses, loss of chloride rich fluids, post-hypercapnea, administration of bicarbonate or lactate ringers, hypokalemia, excess mineralocorticoids, licorice

Question 8

Causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (2)

Answer 8

GI bicarbonate loss; Renal tubular acidosis

Question 9

Chloride depletion results in ____ resoprtion of bicarbonate

Answer 9

increased

Question 10

Daily production of nonvolatile acid ___mmol

Answer 10

60

Question 11

In acute respiratory acidosis, increase in PCO2 of 10 mmHg is compensated by a decrease in bicarbonate of ___mEq/L

Answer 11

1

Question 12

In acute respiratory alkalosis, decrease in PCO2 of 10 mmHg is compensated by a decrease in bicarbonate of ___mEq/L

Answer 12

2

Question 13

In bicarbonate reabsorption, what are the important cellular transporters?

Answer 13

Apical Na/H exchanger; basolateral Na/HCO3 cotransporter

Question 14

In bicarbonate synthesis, what are the important cellular transporters?

Answer 14

Apical H+ ATPase; basolateral Cl/HCO3 exchanger

Question 15

In chronic respiratory acidosis, increase in PCO2 of 10 mmHg is compensated by a decrease in bicarbonate of ___mEq/L

Answer 15

4

Question 16

In chronic respiratory alkalosis, decrease in PCO2 of 10 mmHg is compensated by a decrease in bicarbonate of ___mEq/L

Answer 16

4

Question 17

In metabolic acidosis the change in PCO2 is ___ times the change in bicarbonate

Answer 17

1-1.5

Question 18

In metabolic alkalosis the change in PCO2 is ___ times the change in bicarbonate

Answer 18

0.25-1

Question 19

Metabolic alkaloses can be categorized based on whether they respond to _______.

Answer 19

Chloride/Saline

Question 20

Metabolic alkalosis can be categorized on the urine concentration of ______.

Answer 20

chloride

Question 21

Primary hyperkalemia results in a metabolic _______.

Answer 21

Acidosis

Question 22

Primary hypokalemia results in a metabolic _______.

Answer 22

Alkalosis

Question 23

The urine anion gap can be used to determine whether or not the metabolic acidosis is caused by a ______ problem.

Answer 23

renal

Question 24

Treatment of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis

Answer 24

Saline

Question 25

Treatment of chloride unresponsive metabolic alkalosis

Answer 25

Aldosterone inhibitor

Question 26

Treatment of chronic metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

Oral bicarbonate

Question 27

Urine Anion Gap =

Answer 27

[Na] + [K] - [Cl]

Question 28

Which acid base disturbance? Decreased intracranial pressure and cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 28

Alkalosis

Question 29

Which acid base disturbance? Headache, decreased arousal/sleepiness

Answer 29

Acidosis

Question 30

Which acid base disturbance? Increased intracranial pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypotension from peripheral vasodilation

Answer 30

Acidosis

Question 31

Which acid base disturbance? Neurologic paresthesias

Answer 31

Alkalosis