Renal X: CKD Flashcards
______ diuretics should be avoided in CKD
Potassium-sparing
______ stimulates absorption of phosphorous and calcium from the small intestine.
Vitamin D
Acute treatment for hyperkalemia (5)
hemodialysis, calcium gluconate, insulin/glucose, albuterol, sodium bicarbonate
As GFR falls, Vitamin D levels _____.
decrease
Decreased Vitamin D _____ PTH.
increases
FGF-23 _____ Vitamin D production.
decreases
High levels of PTH cause ________.
osteitis fibrosa
In chronic kidney disease, urine concentration is generally ________.
fixed
In CKD, ammonia production is _______.
increased
In CKD, phosphorous is ________ and calcium is _______.
increased; decreased
In late stages of disease, potassium excretion is maintained by _______.
Fecal excretion
Major classes of immune suppresion in transplant
Calcineurin inhibitors, proliferation inhibitors, prednisone
Mechanisms of anemia in CKD (4)
Decreased EPO, blood loss, marrow fibrosis, shortened RBC lifespan
Most common cause of resistance to EPO therapy
iron deficiency
Release of ________ allows for excretion of phosphorous.
PTH
What drug classes are used to treat renal osteodystrophy?
Phosphate binders, Vitamin D compounds, Calcimimetics
What drugs? Calcimimetics
Cinacalcet
What drugs? Calcineurin inhibitors
Cyclosporine, tacrolimus
What drugs? Phosphate binders
calcium acetate, sevelamer HCl, sevelamer bicarbonate
What drugs? Proliferation inhibitors
Mycophenolate Mofetil, sirolimus, everolimus
What drugs? Treatment of anemia in CKD
Epoetin, Darbepoetin
What drugs? Vitamin D compounds
calcitriol
What substances vasoconstrict afferent arterioles? (4)
AngII, norepinephrine, adenosine, NSAIDs
What substances vasoconstrict efferent arterioles (2)
AngII, norepinephrine
What substances vasodilate afferent arterioles? (4)
NO, prostaglandins, Dopamine, Caffeine
What substances vasodilate efferent arterioles (2)
ACEIs, ARBs
