Renal II: Sodium Handling, Water Handling, and ARF Flashcards

1
Q

_____ is required to increase ECF volume

A

Na ingestion

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2
Q

______ cause release of ADH via hypothalamic signaling

A

Decreased ECF, Increased osmolarity

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3
Q

______: buildup of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

A

azotemia

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4
Q

ADH is released from _______

A

posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

ADH release is a __________ system with an emergency ________.

A

osmolarity; low-volume override

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6
Q

ADH release is mediated by ______ baroreceptors

A

left atrial

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7
Q

ANP blocks _____ at the renal tubles

A

ADH, Aldosterone

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8
Q

ANP decreases release of _____.

A

ADH, Renin

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9
Q

ANP mediates ______ of _____ arterioles in the kidney

A

dilation; afferent and efferent

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10
Q

Cl(x) =

A

Ux * V / Px

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11
Q

Cockcroft and Gault equation =

A

Clx = A(140-Age)Weight / (72*Scr)

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12
Q

Exceptions: conditions under which FeNa is decreased in absence of pre-renal azotemia

A

Pigment exposure, radiocontrast exposure, non-oliguric ATN

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13
Q

FeNa = ____ in post-renal azotemia

A

> 1%

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14
Q

FeNa = ____ in pre-renal azotemia

A
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15
Q

FeNa=

A

(Una/Pna) / (Ucr/Pcr)

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16
Q

Gold standard for calculating GFR because it is not secreted or reabsorbed in the tubules.

A

Inulin

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17
Q

High specific gravity urine is characteristic of ______ azotemia

18
Q

In the Cockcroft and Gault equation, A =

A

1 for men; 0.85 for women

19
Q

Increase in ECF volume leads to release of _____ from cardiac myocytes

20
Q

Loss of ECF Na leads to ______ aldosterone

21
Q

Loss of ECF Na leads to ______ angiotensin II

22
Q

Most common cause of abrupt fall in GFR in hospitalized patients

A

Pre-renal azotemia

23
Q

Some creatinine is ______, so generally it _____estimates GFR

A

secreted; over-

24
Q

Some urea is ______, so generally it _____estimates GFR

A

absorbed; under-

25
Ucr/Pcr ratio is _____ in pre-renal azotemia and ____ in post-renal azotemia
>20;
26
Urine Na concentration in post-renal azotemia
>40mEq/L
27
Urine Na concentration in pre-renal azotemia
28
What effect on renal arterioles? ACEIs, ARBs
Decrease resistance of efferent arterioles
29
What effect on renal arterioles? Angiotensin II
Increase resistance of efferent arterioles
30
What effect on renal arterioles? NO, prostaglandins, high protein diet
Decrease resistance of afferent arterioles
31
What effect on renal arterioles? NSAIDs, endothelin, adenosine, norepinephrine, thromboxanes
Increase resistance of afferent arterioles
32
What type of azotemia? acute glomerulonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome
Intrinsice disease
33
What type of azotemia? acute interstitial nephritis (Allergic Interstitial Nephritis), infection
Intrinsic disease
34
What type of azotemia? Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Intrinsic disease
35
What type of azotemia? Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Post-renal
36
What type of azotemia? bladder carcinoma, urinary infections, neuropathy
Post-renal
37
What type of azotemia? CHF, MI, valvular disease, pericardial tamponade
Pre-renal
38
What type of azotemia? cholesterol emboli, renal vein thrombosis
Intrinsic disease
39
What type of azotemia? Cirrhosis, sepsis, medication, autonomic neuropathy
Pre-renal
40
What type of azotemia? renal losses, GI losses, Third space losses, hemorrhage
Pre-renal
41
What type of azotemia? retroperitoneal fibrosis, compression by a tumor
Post-renal