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Renal System > Renal IX: Hypertension > Flashcards

Renal IX: Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

ACEIs and ARBS ________ decrease TPR/decrease CO

A

decrease TPR

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2
Q

Beta-Blockers ________ decrease TPR/decrease CO

A

decrease CO

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3
Q

Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal adenoma, adrenal gland hyperplasia

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4
Q

Causes of renal parenchymal hypertension (3)

A

Glomerulonephritis, Hereditary kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy

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5
Q

Causes of renovascular hypertension

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia, atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Causes of Secondary Hypertension (4)

A

Renovascular hypertension, Renal parenchymal hypertension, Hyperaldosteronism, Pheochromocytoma

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7
Q

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers ________ decrease TPR/decrease CO

A

decrease TPR

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8
Q

High intracellular Na in VSMCs increases activity of the _______.

A

Na/Ca exchanger

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9
Q

In the ____ hypothesis, there is an inability to excrete sodium

A

Guyton’s

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10
Q

In the _____ hypothesis, there is inhibition of the Na/K ATPase in VSMCs

A

Cellular

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11
Q

Increased sodium results in volume expansion; autoregulation is responsible for ______ PVR

A

increased

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12
Q

Loop diuretics cause ____calcemia.

A

Hypo-

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13
Q

Name the drug class for each part of the tubule: proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

A

Acetazolamide; loop diuretics; thiazide diuretics; aldosterone antagonists/sodium channel blockers

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14
Q

Non dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers ________ decrease TPR/decrease CO

A

decrease CO and TPR

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15
Q

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the ______ resulting from excess _______.

A

adrenal medulla; catecholamines

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16
Q

Prevalence of hypertension in US

A

50 million

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17
Q

Renovascular hypertension results in _______ angiotensin II levels and _______ renal blood flow

A

increased, decreased

18
Q

Renovascular hypertension results in inappropriate activation of _______ and release of _____.

A

baroreceptors; renin

19
Q

Thiazide diuretics cause ____calcemia.

A

Hyper-

20
Q

Treatment of Renovascular hypertension

A

fibromuscular dysplasia: percutaneous balloon dilatation, atherosclerosis: surgical repair

21
Q

What drug? Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, anemia

A

ACEIs

22
Q

What drug? decreases urethral resistance and may improve urine flow and BPH symptoms

A

alpha-1-adrenergic blockers

23
Q

What drug? hyperkalemia, amenorrhea, gynecomastia

A

Spironolactone

24
Q

What drug? hyperkalemia, anemia

A

ARBs

25
Q

What drug? hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance in diabetic patients

A

Na Channel Blockers

26
Q

What drug? hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uric acid retention, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia

A

Thiazide diuretics

27
Q

What drug? Improved bioavailability over furosemide

A

Torsemide

28
Q

What drug? interferes with calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation

A

Hydralazine

29
Q

What drug? Longer half-life thiazide diuretic

A

Chlorthalidone

30
Q

What drug? metabolic acidosis, drowsiness, fatigue, CNS depression

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

31
Q

What drug? nausea, headache, constipation, gingival hyperplasia, cardiac conduction defects

A

Non-Dihydropyridines

32
Q

What drug? nausea, headache, severe water loss and hypernatremia with prolonged use

A

Osmotic diuretics

33
Q

What drug? Only non-sulfa loop or thiazide diuretic

A

ethacrynic acid

34
Q

What drug? ototoxicity, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, uric acid retention

A

Loop diuretics

35
Q

What drug? peripheral edema, headache, reflex tachycardia, flushing, gingival hyperplasia

A

Dihydropyridines

36
Q

What drug? potassium channel opener, causing hyperpolarization of cell membranes

A

Minoxidil

37
Q

What drug? stimulates α2-adrenergic receptors in the CNS and periphery, which reduces sympathetic nerve impulses and decreases peripheral vascular resistance

A

Clonidine/Methyldopa

38
Q

Which drug class? Inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter

A

Thiazide diuretics

39
Q

Which drug class? Inhibit Na/K/2Cl cotransporter

A

Loop diuretics

40
Q

Which drug? Aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone, eplerenone

41
Q

Which drug? Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

42
Q

Which drug? Sodium channel inhibitor

A

Amiloride, triamterene

Renal System (13 decks)

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