Renal I: Anatomy and Basic Physiology

Question 1

Glomerular Capillary hydrostatic pressure: __

Answer 1

46mmHg

Question 2

Tubular hydrostatic pressure: __

Answer 2

10mmHg

Question 3

Glomerular Capillary oncotic pressure: __

Answer 3

30mmHg

Question 4

Net Filtration Pressure: __

Answer 4

6mmHg

Question 5

_____ mechanism in the _____ arteriole serves as a regulating valve to maintain constant renal blood flod

Answer 5

Myogenic; afferent

Question 6

Afferent and efferent arteriole constriction causes _______ filtration fraction.

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

Increased filtration fraction results in _______ net filtration pressure.

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

Renin is secreted at the _______.

Answer 8

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

Question 9

Renal prostaglandins have a local _______ effect on renal arterioles, which is more selective for the ______ arteriole

Answer 9

dilatory; afferent

Question 10

Renal prostalandins are released in response to ______.

Answer 10

angiotensin II

Question 11

Renal anatomy: ______: conical functional units of the tubular elements of nephrons

Answer 11

medullary pyramids

Question 12

Renal anatomy: ______: units of filtration and reabsorption in the kidney

Answer 12

nephrons

Question 13

Renal anatomy: ______: urinary drainage conduits within the kidney

Answer 13

calices

Question 14

Renal anatomy: ______: location where major calices combine and urine leaves the kidney via the ureter

Answer 14

renal pelvis

Question 15

Renal anatomy: ______: central region of the kidney from which the ureter leaves, site of entry for the renal artery and vein

Answer 15

hilum

Question 16

Renal Artery > ______ Artery > _______ Artery > _______ Artery > _______ Arteriole > _______ Arteriole > ________ > Interlobular Vein

Answer 16

Interlobar; arcuate; interlobular; afferent; efferent; vasa recta

Question 17

Renal anatomy: ______: space that represents the beginning of the urinary space; continuous with the proximal tubule

Answer 17

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 18

Type of epithelium: parietal epithelium of Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 18

Simple squamous

Question 19

Type of epithelium: Proximal tubule

Answer 19

Cuboidal, tall microvilli

Question 20

Type of epithelium: Thick Loop of Henle

Answer 20

Cuboidal

Question 21

Type of epithelium: Thin Loop of Henle

Answer 21

Simple Squamous

Question 22

Type of epithelium: Distal tubule

Answer 22

Cuboidal, short microvillia

Question 23

Type of epithelium: collecting tubules

Answer 23

Cuboidal

Question 24

Type of epithelium: Collecting duct

Answer 24

Columnar

Question 25

Type of epithelium: Bladder

Answer 25

Transitional

Question 26

Daily quantity of water filtered and excreted

Answer 26

190L; 0.5-25L

Question 27

Daily quanitity of NaCl filtered and excreted

Answer 27

1500g; 0.5-30g

Question 28

Amount of NaCl and water reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

Answer 28

65%; 65%

Question 29

Amount of NaCl and water reabsorbed in the loop of Henle

Answer 29

25%; 15%

Question 30

Amount of NaCl and water reabsorbed in Distal Tubule and Collecting duct

Answer 30

8-10%; 6-20%

Question 31

Effect of Aldosterone on cellular transporters

Answer 31

Increase apical sodium channels and basolateral Na/K ATPase

Question 32

Effect of ADH on cellular transporters

Answer 32

Fusion of vesicles containing aquaporins with apical membrane, increased synthesis of aquaporins

Question 33

Net driving force for fluid flow into capillaries from tubules

Answer 33

Capillary oncotic pressure

Question 34

Increasing tubular flow ______ sodium and water reabsorption

Answer 34

decreases

Question 35

Increasing tubular flow ______ sodium and water excretion

Answer 35

increases

Question 36

Decreasing tubular flow _____ sodium and water excretion

Answer 36

decreases

Question 37

_______: obligatory reabsorption mechanisms in the proximal tubule can compensate for changes in filtered load by ensuring that a fixed proportion of the filtered load is always reabsorbed

Answer 37

Glomerulotubular balance

Question 38

_______: Macula densa cells monitor changes in obligatory reabsorption at the level of the distal tubule

Answer 38

Tubuloglomerular feedback