renal tubular acidosis

Question 1

what is type 1

Answer 1

pathology in the distal tubule, distal tubule unable to secrete H ions

Question 2

causes of type 1

Answer 2

• genetic
• SLE
• sjogrens
• hyperthyroidism
• sickle cell anaemia
• marfans

Question 3

presentation of type 1

Answer 3

• failure to thrive in children
• hyperventilation
• CKD
• bone disease (osteomalacia)

Question 4

signs of type 1

Answer 4

• hypokalaemia
• metabolic acidosis
• high urine pH (>4)

Question 5

treatment for type 1

Answer 5

oral bicarbonate

Question 6

what is type 4

Answer 6

caused by reduced aldosterone

aldosterone increases excretion of hydrogen, no aldosterone means increase in hydrogen

Question 7

causes of type 4

Answer 7

• adrenal insufficiency
• SLE
• diabetes
• HIV

Question 8

signs of type 4

Answer 8

• hyperkalaemia
• high chloride
• metabolic acidosis
• low urinary pH

Question 9

what type has a high urinary pH

Answer 9

type 2

Question 10

management of type 4

Answer 10

fludrocortisone +/- sodium bicarbonate

treat hyperkalaemia