Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

renal > DUMS rugby physiology > Flashcards

DUMS rugby physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the kidney

A
  • water/salt/electrolyte balance
  • plasma volume + osmolarity
  • acid base balance
  • secrete metabolic waste
  • excrete drugs/metabolites
  • secrete EPO
  • secrete renin
  • active vit D conversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the fluid homeostasis

A

input = output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is osmolarity

A

concentration of active particles in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is tonicity

A

effect of solution of cell volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does water follow along osmotic gradient

A

salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the tracers used to measure body fluid

A

TBW
ECF
plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

main ions in the ICF

A

potassium and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main ions in ecf

A

Na+
Cl-
HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if you gain NaCl what does this mean in terms of fluid shift

A

increase ECF and decrease ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does loss of NaCl do

A

decrease ECF and increase ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how much of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does the plasma that enters the glomerulus and is not filtered go

A

the efferent arteriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three barriers to filtration

A
  • glomerular capillary epithelium
  • basal lamina basement membrane
  • podocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what charge is the basal lamina

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is GFR

A

rate at which protein-free plasma is filtered from the glomeruli into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the major determinant of GFR

A

glomerular capillary blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

net filtration pressure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some intrinsic mechanisms that regulate renal blood flow

A
  • myogenic mechanism

- tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanisms (involves juxtaglomerular apparatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is plasma clearance

A

the volume of plasma completely cleared of a particular substance per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why can inulin clearance be used clinically to determine GFR

A

because inulin is freely filtered and not absorbed, secreted or metabolised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the plasma clearance of glucose and why

A

0

-glucose is filtered and fully reabsorbed and not secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PC of urea and why

A

PC

23
Q

PC for H+ and why

A

PC>GFR

-H+ is filtered, secreted but not reabsorbed

24
Q

what is renal plasma flow

A

the volume of blood plasma delivered to the kidneys per unit time

25
Q

how is RPF (renal plasma flow) measured

A

using para-amino hippuric acid (PAH) a substance that is filtered freely and completely secreted (not reabsorbed)

26
Q

what is the filtration fraction

A

GFR/RPF

-the fraction of plasma flowing through the glomeruli that is filtered into the tubules

27
Q

what is sodium reabsorption driven by in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

the basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase

28
Q

how do oxygen and carbon dioxide get in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

diffusion through lipid bilayer

29
Q

how does Na get through proximal convoluted tubule

A

diffusion through channels

30
Q

how does glucose get through the proximal convoluted tubule

A

facilitated diffusion

31
Q

how do sodium and potassium enter and exit proximal convoluted tubule

A

primary active transport

32
Q

how do sodium and glucose get into the proximal convoluted tubule

A

secondary active transport

33
Q

what does it mean by the loop of henle generates cortico-medullary solute concentration gradient

A

it enables the formation of hypertonic urine

34
Q

if the flow the same in both limbs of loop of Henle

A

no

35
Q

what does the different flow in diff limbs of loop of Henle enable to happen

A

enables the kidney to produce urine with varying degrees of volume and concentration in response to circulating ADH levels

36
Q

what are the different permeabilities of the limbs

A

Descending Limb: No active Na+Cl- reabsorbed but water permeable
Ascending limb: Water impermeable but active Na+Cl- reabsorbed

37
Q

which side is iso-osmotic and which is hypo-osmotic

A
38
Q

where is vasa recta found

A

travels alongside LOH in juxtamedullary nephrons

39
Q

what type of fluid is the fluid leaving the LOH and entering the DT

A

hypo-osmotic to plasma

40
Q

what happens to the fluid after it enters the DT

A

the DT empties fluid into the cortical collecting ducts

41
Q

what is the DT permeability to water and urine

A

low

42
Q

what happens in the early DT

A

NaCl reabsorption

43
Q

what happens in the late DT

A
  • Ca reabsorption
  • H+ reabsorption
  • Na+/K+ reabsorption
44
Q

what does reduced atrial pressure result in in terms of ADH secretion

A

increase ADH

45
Q

what does ADH do to water permeability in the collecting ducts

A

increases it

high ADH = high water permeability = hypertonic urine

46
Q

nicotine effect on ADH release

A

stimulates AHD release

47
Q

alcohol effect on ADH release

A

inhibits ADH release

-why you pee more when you drink

48
Q

what causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

deficiency in ADH or insensitivity to ADH

49
Q

what can cause the deficiency in ADH or insensitivity in ADH in nephrogenic diabetes

A
  • genetic
  • hypercalcaemia
  • hypokalaemia
  • drugs (lithium)
  • tubulo-interstitial disease
50
Q

treatment for nephrogenic diabetes

A

thiazides and low salt/protein diet

51
Q

what does aldosterone do

A

causes distal tubules to resorb more sodium and water which increases blood volume

52
Q

where is ANP (or ANH) released from

A

atrial muscle cells by mechanical stretch

53
Q

what does ANP do

A

promotes sodium excretion and diuresis (lower plasma volume)

renal (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions