biochemical markers Flashcards

1
Q

ideal marker of GFR

A
  • appear at a constant rate
  • be freely filtered by the glomerulus
  • not be reabsorbed by the renal tubule
  • not be secreted by renal tubule
  • not undergo extra-renal elimination
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2
Q

what does measuring inulin do

A

give you a good assessment of GFR

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3
Q

what is urea

A

end product of protein metabolism

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4
Q

does urea appear at a constant rate

A

no

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5
Q

what will using urea to measure GFR do

A

underestimate GFR

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6
Q

what is creatinine

A

product of muscle metabolism

-people with more muscle will release more

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7
Q

how good is creatinine at measuring GFR

A
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8
Q

in renal failure is creatinine high or low

A

very high

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9
Q

what is the problem with using creatinine as a GFR marker

A

creatinine isnt sensitive to changes in GFR until GFR is quite low

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10
Q

what is urinary creatinine clearance

A

the volume of blood thats cleared of creatinine per minute by glomerular filtration

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11
Q

calculation for urinary creatinine clearance

A
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12
Q

how many stages of CKD are there

A

5

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13
Q

what is eGFR for CKD 5

A

0-20

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14
Q

why is eGFR not perfect way to measure

A

not very accurate at higher GFR

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15
Q

what is the validated reference standard for accurate assessment of GFR

A

Cr-EDTA

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16
Q

if protein is >150mg/day what does this mean

A

significant glomerular damage

17
Q

how do you measure proteinuria

A

24-hour collection

18
Q

do you see proteinuria in multiple myeloma

A

yes

19
Q

proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?

A

yes

20
Q

what happens in nephrotic syndrome

A

less albumin in blood so water goes out and causes oedema

21
Q

what does a positive bence jones proteinuria suggest

A

multiple myeloma

22
Q

what is microalbuminuria

A

excretion of albumin in abnormal quantities but still below the limit of protein detection by dipstick

23
Q

what is microalbumminuria and early detection of

A

diabetic nephropathy

24
Q

ways of expressing proteinuria

A
25
Q

what does osmolality tell you

A

how concentrated or dilute a biological fluid is