histology Flashcards
functions of the kidney and urinary tract
- maintain water and electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid osmolarity and acid-base balance
- excrete toxic metabolic waste products
- act as an endocrine gland, producing renin and erythropoietin
what is the kidney covered in
capsule of dense collagen fibres
what is the hilum
site of entry of renal artery and exit of renal vein and ureter
what are the lobes of the kidney
each medullary pyramid and its associated cortical tissue
label this
what is the renal sinus filled with
adipose tissue
what part of the kidney is this
the capsule
what are nephrons composed of
renal corpuscle
renal tubules
what does the renal corpuscle do
production and collection of glomerular filtrate
what is the renal corpuscle formed from
a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and the cup of simple squamous epithelium at the blind end of the nephron which the capillaries invaginate into (bowman’s capsule)
what are podocytes
specialised epithelium which lies on top of the glomerular capillaries
what are the two pores of the renal corpuscle
vascular pole
urinary pole
what holds the capillaries together in the renal corpuscle
mesangial cells
what are the three components of the glomerular filter
- fenestrated endothelium of the cell wall
- thick basement membrane
- filtration slits between pedicels
function of proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of water, proteins, amino acids, carbs and glucose
what happens in proximal tubule
- 70% of sodium and water is reabsorbed
- almost all glucose and amino acids reabsorbed
what is the medulla made up of
- paralelle tubules
- loops of henle
- collecting ducts
- a looping vascular network
function of loop of Henle
creation of hyperosmotic environment in medulla
what does the loop of Henle consist of
- thick descending limb
- thin descending limb which makes the loop
- thick ascending limb
what are the thick limbs lined with
simple cuboidal epithelium
what are the thin limbs lined with
simple squamous epithelium
what is the vasa recta
loops of thin walled blood vessels that dip down into the medulla from above and then climb back up to the cortex
role of the distal convoluted tubule
acid-base and water balance
(absorption of water, Na and bicarbonate)
(excretion of K and H ions)
what is absorption of sodium in the DCT controlled by
aldosterone
