Renal Pathology 1 Flashcards
Nephritic syndrome is associated with ____________ while nephrotic is associated with __________
hematuria
proteinuria
(think O in phrOtic and O in prOtein)
What is the hallmark of nephritic syndrome?
hematuria
What characterizes nephritic syndrome?
1) hematuria w/ dysmorphic RBCs
2) oliguria and azotemia
3) hypertension
What is a cast?
a structure which is a negative impression of the renal tubule (a mold)
What is the most common demographic for acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
children (6-10 years)
What is the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
GABHS (Group A B-Hemolytic Strep)
What is the pathogenesis of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
immune complexes deposit in capillary wall, activating complement C5a which attracts neutrophils and mediates damage
What does acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis look like histologically?
endocapillary proliferation obliterates capillaries, PMNs come in
Name 4 lab tests for acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
1) tea color urine
2) hematuria
3) ASO titer up
4) complement levels down
What is the prognosis for acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
total recovery (for kids) can become chronic for adults
What is Berger disease?
IgA nephropathy (too much IgA made - likely in response to infection - so immune complexes deposit in mesangium)
What happens if too much IgA is produced?
can get Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Why is there a difference in world-wide risk for IgaN?
because it is genetically linked - more common in Africa
What does IgAN look like histologically?
mesangial proliferation (IgA ICs are diagnostic)
What is the disease called when IgAN gets extra-renal symptoms?
Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
In IgAN, complement involvement is via the __________ complement pathway
alternative
What do lab tests look like for IgAN?
hematuria
normal complement
What is hereditary nephritis?
mutations in glomerular basement membrane proteins
Hereditary nephritis commonly comes with a mutation in ________________
collagen type IV
What is the triad of hereditary nephritis?
nephritis
nerve deafness
various eye disorders (due to collagen defect)
What kidney disease is associated with hearing abnormalities?
hereditary nephritis
What is the method of inheritance for hereditary nephritis?
X-linked
What form of microscopy is the most diagnostic for hereditary nephritis?
electron microscopy
see a “basket weave” of the lamina dense splitting and lamination
What does hereditary nephritis look like histologically?
no immune complexes
EM diagnostic
