GI: Liver 1

Question 1

What is the name of the fibrous capsule covering the liver?

Answer 1

capsule of Glisson

Question 2

What is the portal triad?

Answer 2

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

Question 3

Which zone is the closest to the portal triad?

Answer 3

zone 1

Question 4

Which zone is more highly oxygenated?

Answer 4

zone 1 (closest to the source)

Question 5

What cells are the first to receive blood, last to necrose, and first to regenerate?

Answer 5

periportal hepatocytes

Question 6

_________ are least susceptible to ischemia while ___________ are most susceptible to ischemia

Answer 6

periportal hepatocytes (least)

centrilobular hepatocytes (most)

Question 7

bile is secreted into the ____________________

Answer 7

bile canaliculus

Question 8

What are the 4 cell ypes found in sinusoids?

Answer 8

1) Kupffer cells (macrophages)
2) fenestrated endothelium
3) space of disse
4) microvilli of hepatocytes

Question 9

What 3 cell types comprise the Space of Disse?

Answer 9

stellate cells
NK cells
T and B lymphocytes

Question 10

True or false: the epithelium of hepatocytes has microvilli

Answer 10

TRUE (to increase absorption)

Question 11

What is the purpose of the stellate cell/

Answer 11

to lay down collagen (starts the cirrhotic process by initiating fibrosis)

Question 12

What kind of fluid flows within hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 12

mixed arterial and venous blood

Question 13

What are 5 big functions of the liver?

Answer 13

1) metabolic (gluose and lipid)
2) synthetic (albumin and coag factors)
3) storage (glycogen, iron, triglycerides, ADEK)
4) Catabolic (ammonia to urea)
5) excretory (bile excretion)

Question 14

What are the 3 roles the liver plays in carb metabolism?

Answer 14

1) glycogenesis
2) glycogenolysis
3) gluconeogenesis

Question 15

how is ammonia removed from the body?

Answer 15

converted to urea by the liver

Question 16

What are the acute phase proteins?

Answer 16

1) ceruloplasin
2) alpha 1 antitrypsin
3) alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

Question 17

What are the 4 classes of proteins made by the liver?

Answer 17

1) albumin
2) glycoprotein transport proteins
3) acute phase proteins
4) protective proteins

Question 18

What is the importance of the liver in the urea cycle?

Answer 18

liver produces urea by breaking ammonia down

Question 19

What role does the liver play in fat metabolism?

Answer 19

oxidize triglycerides to produce energy (exports acetoacetate into blood where it is picked up and metabolized by other tissues)

Question 20

Where are excess carbs and proteins turned into fatty acids prior to exportation to adipose tissue?

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

What does the liver do with the excess cholesterol made?

Answer 21

makes bile

Question 22

What are the 3 most important components of bile?

Answer 22

• phospholipids
• cholesterol
• bile pigments

Question 23

What are the 2 types of bile acids?

Answer 23

• cholic acid

- chenodeoxycholic acid