Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Intro to Renal Disease > Flashcards

Intro to Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 hormones secreted by the kidney?

A

erythropoietin
vitamin D
renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 hormones secreted by the kidney?

A

erythropoietin
vitamin D
renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cut off for acidosis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cut off for alkalosis?

A

> 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is creatinine clearance an estimate of?

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Cockcroft Gault formula calculate?

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is normal urine output?

A

1500mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the cut off for oliguria?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is polyuria?

A

> 3000mL/day

2x as much urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does BUN measure?

A

blood urea nitrogen (increases when GFR is low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does BUN measure?

A

blood urea nitrogen (increases when GFR is low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cut off for acidosis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define AKI in terms of lab metrics

A

> 0.3mg/dL in serum creatinine (increase)

or

increase in serum creatinine of 50%

or

oliguria of 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is creatinine clearance an estimate of?

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the Cockcroft Gault formula calculate?

A

GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is normal urine output?

A

1500mL/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the cut off for oliguria?

A
18
Q

What is polyuria?

A

> 3000mL/day

2x as much urine

19
Q

Define azotemia

A

elevation in renal indices (specifically BUN)

20
Q

What does BUN measure?

A

blood urea nitrogen (increases when GFR is low)

21
Q

What is uremia?

A

when BUN is elevated (should normally be eliminated by kidneys)

leads to pericarditis, pleural effusions, fatigue, anorexia, etc

22
Q

What is the clinical term for acute renal failure?

A

acute kidney injury (AKI - no longer ARF)

23
Q

Define AKI in terms of lab metrics

A

> 0.3mg/dL in serum creatinine (increase)

24
Q

What are the 3 staging criteria for AKI?

A

I: serum creatinine 150-200% from baseline

II: serum creatinine 200-300% from baseline

III: serum creatinine over 300% (and very little urine output)

25
Q

How long do kidney problems need to persist for it to be classified as chronic kidney disease?

A

at least 3 months

26
Q

Does CKD require albuminuria?

A

no - can be present with or without albuminuria

27
Q

What is the cut off for kidney failure in terms of GFR?

A

less than 15mL/min

28
Q

Define the lab values for nephrotic proteinuria

A

> 3-3.5mg/day

called nephrosis

29
Q

What is the clinical term for blood in the urine?

A

hematuria

30
Q

What are 3 common imposters instead of RBCs in hematuria?

A

free hemoglobin
myoglobin
menstrual contamination

31
Q

What are the 2 most common kidney stones in the US?

A

calcium oxalate

calcium phosphate

32
Q

Name 4 causes of abnormal urinary sediment?

A

hematuria
dysmorphic RBCs
pyuria
casts (RBCs, WBCs, tubular casts)

33
Q

What are the 5 types of renal tubular casts?

A

1) epithelial
2) fatty
3) granular
4) hyaline
5) waxy

34
Q

What casts are associated with dehydration, exercise, and diuretic therapy?

A

hyaline

35
Q

What casts are associated with advanced kidney disease?

A

waxy

36
Q

What are the differences between nephrosis and nephritis?

A

NEPHROSIS: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia, thrombophilia, urinary sediment, NONinflammatory renal biopsy

NEPHRITIS: inflammatory renal biopsy, active urinary sediment, variable proteinuria, azotemia, HTN

37
Q

What is the main distinguising factor between nephrosis and nephritis?

A

INFLAMMATORY CELLS (there in nephritis, not in nephrosis)

38
Q

How is total body weight divided by water content?

A

2/3 intracellular water

1/3 extracellular water

39
Q

What is normal saline solution?

A

0.9% (9gm salt/L)

40
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A

regulates calcium absorption

maintains normal levels of calcium and phosphorus

41
Q

What can be a sneaky presenting feature of AKI/CKD?

A

drug toxicity (from renal dysfunction)

can also happen with endogenous substances like insulin

42
Q

What are some signs of renal dysfuntion that can show up on physical exam?

A

fever, rash, pain

Pathophysiology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions