Pulm Path I

Question 1

What are the layers of the trachea from lumen out?

Answer 1

respiratory epithelium –> lamina propria –> submucosa –> tracheal cartilage

Question 2

What type of epithelium comprises the primary bronchus?

Answer 2

pseudostratified columnar epithelium (nuclei at variable positions)

Question 3

What comprises the upper airway?

Answer 3

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 4

What comprises the lower airway?

Answer 4

trachea, bronchi (at the bifurcation of the trachea)

Question 5

Where does cartilage stop forming along the bronchopulmonary tree?

Answer 5

bronchioles

Question 6

True or false: trachea is respiratory epithelium

Answer 6

true (goblet cells and cilia)

Question 7

where is the conducting portion found?

Answer 7

main/primary and secondary/tertiary bronchi (similar structure to trachea)

Question 8

Where are goblet cells replaced by Clara cells?

Answer 8

bronchioles

Question 9

What are clara cells?

Answer 9

dome shaped cells without cilia and they secrete glycosaminoglycans and secretory proteins

Question 10

what do bronchioles branch into?

Answer 10

tertiary bronchioles and then respiratory bronchioles (like alveoli)

Question 11

What is the main histological difference between tertiary bronchus and bronchiole?

Answer 11

no cartilage in the bronchiole
clara cells in bronchiole
no goblet cells in bronchiole

Question 12

What is the difference between the two types of alveolar epithelial cells?

Answer 12

type 1 = gas exchange, squamous

type 2 = secrete surfactant and differentiate into type 1 cells, granular

Question 13

What are 4 cell types in alveoli?

Answer 13

1) alveolar macs
2) endothelial cells
3) connective tissue cells (fibroblasts)
4) neutrophils

Question 14

Define the function of respiratory unit

Answer 14

transport oxygen from airspace into blood and transport of CO2 from blood to airspace