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Pathophysiology > GI: The Stomach > Flashcards

GI: The Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What cells of the stomach secrete mucin?

A

foveolar cells

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2
Q

What is the name of the congenital defect with persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord?

A

omphalocele

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3
Q

What is the name of the congenital defect that causes malformation of abdominal wall, exposing abdominal contents?

A

gastroschisis

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4
Q

Describe pyloric stenosis

A

congenital hypertrophy of smooth muscle of pylorus (more common in males) doesn’t allow food to pass stomach (projectile vomiting)

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5
Q

What is the big physical exam finding in pyloric stenosis?

A

olive like mass (representing the hypertrophied pylorus)

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6
Q

Name the 4 symptoms associated with gastritis

A

nausea
vomiting
epigastric pain
hematemesis

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7
Q

What causes gastritis?

A

lots of things - can be associated with anything that increases time of stomach emptying

(also NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, gastric hyperactivity, etc)

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?

A

H. pylori infection

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9
Q

What are some causes of acute gastritis?

A

impairment of protective system via NSAIDs, ingestion, direct injury

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10
Q

You see ___________ infiltrate with acute gastritis

A

neutrophilic

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11
Q

What are the treatments for acute gastritis?

A

1) remove offending agent

2) pharmacologic acid blockade

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?

A

H. pylori

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13
Q

What are the four modes of virulence for H. pylori?

A

1) flagella
2) secretion of urease
3) adhesins
4) toxins

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14
Q

H. pylori leads to increased risk of ___________ and ____________

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

MALT

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15
Q

How is H. pylori diagnosed?

A

1) biopsy
2) antibody testing (IgM and IgG)
3) fecal detetion
4) urea breath test

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16
Q

How is H. pylori chronic gastritis treated?

A

PPIs and antibiotics for 10-14 days

17
Q

Autoimmune chronic gastritis targets which two things?

A

1) parietal cells (defective gastric acid secretion - achlorhydria)
2) intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia)

18
Q

food __________ pain with duodenal ulcers

A

DECREASES

19
Q

pain becomes __________ with food intake for gastric ulcers

A

GREATER

20
Q

What are some particularly at risk patients for acute peptic ulcers?

A 
mechanical ventilation
severe burns
trauma
severe sepsis
intracranial injury
coagulopathy
21
Q

What is the treatment for acute peptic ulcer disease?

A

PPI or H2 blockers

22
Q

Chronic peptic ulcer disease is caused by _________________

A

gastric hyperacidity

zollinger ellison due to too much gastrin secreted by tumor

23
Q

Where do most carcinoid tumors form

A

40% in small intestine

24
Q

What determines carcinoid tumor prognosis?

A

location

midgut = most aggressive

25
Q

What are the symptoms of carcinoid tumors?

A

determined by hormones produced (because tumors form from neuroendocrine organs (like G-cells in stomach)

26
Q

What is the name of a mesenchymal neoplasm of interstitial cells of cajal?

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

27
Q

Where do GIST tumors occur?

A

most in the stomach

28
Q

What is the molecular bio feature of GIST tumors?

A

gain of function mutation in gene encoding tyrosine kinase c-KIT

29
Q

How can GIST be treated?

A

surgically resected or use of imatinib (inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of c-KIT)

30
Q

What 3 things can cause gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

1) H. pylori infection
2) EBV
3) mutations (one in Ecadherin)

31
Q

What is the Lauren classification for gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

1) intestinal - bulky, glandular structures, exophytic mass/ulcerated tumors
2) diffuse - infiltrative growth, discohesive cells with large mucin vacuoles –> SIGNET RINGS)

32
Q

Signet rings are associated with which GI abnormality?

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

33
Q

What is the name of the left supraclavicular node when gastric adenocarcinomas metastasize?

A

virchow node

34
Q

What is the name of the periumbilical region when gastric adenocarcinomas metastasize?

A

sister mary joseph nodule

35
Q

What is the name of the tumor when gastric adenocarcinoma has metastasized to bilateral ovaries

A

Krukenberg tumor

36
Q

Gastritis is the result of _________________________

A

impaired host defenses against acid exposure or direct injury

37
Q

the most common cause of chronic gastritis AND chronic PUD is __________

A

H. pylori

38
Q

autoimmune gastritis is due to autoantibodies to _____________ and _____________

A

parietal cells and intrinsic factor

Pathophysiology (26 decks)

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