Enterobacteriaeae II Flashcards
How do Shigella differ from E. coli?
shigella: lactose NEG
ecoli: lactose POS
Shigella also does not produce gas and is non-motile (will not grow outside of stick in agar)
How is Shigella transmitted
person to person via fecal oral
What are the 5 Fs of shigella transmission?
food flies fingers fomites feces
Who are the highest risk for shigella?
day care
male homosexuals
Where does shigella replicate?
cytoplasm (gest in via phagocytic vacuole)
How does Shigella attach and get into a cell?
via a virulent plasmid
What is the clinical syndrome associated with shigella?
bacillary dysentery
ab cramps, tenesmus, pus/blood in stool
What is the most common shigella?
shigella sonnei
True or false: shigella need a low inoculum to cause disease
TRUE (fewer than 200 organisms)
What infection is commonly contracted from snakes?
Edwardsiella tarda
What are the clinical syndromes caused by E. tarda
gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea progressing to typhoid like with bloody diarrhea)
can be mistaken for salmonellosis and IBD (crohns)
Where is salmonella found?
lower animals for nontyphoid strains
humans for typhi
What are 5 characteristics of salmonella?
1) non-lactose fermenter
2) produces hydrogen sulfide (black)
3) transmission via improper food handling
4) found in humans and livestock
5) secondary person-to-person transmission
What are 2 common sources of salmonella?
poultry and eggs
What are 5 big clinical syndromes associated with salmonella?
1) asymptomatic carrier state
2) febrile gastroenteritis (most common)
3) enteric fever (typhoid caused by S. typhi - 4 week illnesst)
4) Septicemia (no major GI involvement, common in patients with underlying chronic problems)
5) Focal infections (osteomyelitis, meningitis, brain abscess, endocarditis)
What are some clinical manifestations of salmonella enteric fever?
fever (temp-pulse dissociation), headache, rose spots, constipation)
How do you diagnose positive salmonella bacteremia?
positive blood cultures
What is the treatment for salmonella bacteremia?
third generation cephalosporin
What is unique about the disease timeline of S. typhi?
lasts 4 weeks
first 2 - incubation/bacteremic (increasing fever)
last 2 - GI symptoms
What are 2 important citrobacter syndromes?
nosocomial UTI and resp tracts of hospitalized patients
endocarditis
What is C. koseri implicated in?
meningitis and brain abscess in neonates
What does K. rhinoscleromatis cause?
chronic granulomatous disease involving mucosa of upper resp tract
What does K. ozaenae cause?
atrophic rhinitis
What does K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca cause?
lobar pneumonia - destructive changes, necrosis, hemorrhage
