Renal + GU Flashcards
What markers can be raised in testicular cancer?
What staging system can be used for prostate cancer?
What’s the rate of false positives and false negatives of PSA for prostate cancer?
What type of cancer are the majority of prostate cancers and where do they mostly grow?
What two chromosomes are associated with AR and AD PKD?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpasture’s?
What gene on what chromosome is associated with Goodpasture’s?
Deposition of which antibodies can be found in Goodpasture’s?
Treatment of Goodpasture’s?
What bacteria most commonly causes post-strep glomerulonephritis?
What are the eGFR boundaries for all the stages of CKD?
What are the four key complications of AKI?
How would you treat hyperkalaemia? (complication of AKI)
What three criteria are used to detect an AKI?
What rises in creatinine define the three stages of AKI?
What urine output decreases define the different stages of AKI?
What drugs are contraindicated in AKI?
Which antibiotics are used to treat chlamydia trachomatis?
Which antibiotic is used to treat chlamydia trachomatis in a pregnant lady?
Which antibiotics are used to treat neisseria gonorrhoea?
Which antibiotic is used to treat treponema pallidum infection?
Which antibiotic is used to treat a trichomonas vaginalis infection?
Which two anti-fungals can be used to treat a genital candidiasis infection?
What test is needed to work out sensitivities of an STI?
What group of drugs is first line treatment for BPH?
Give an example of a first line drug for BPH and what’s its main side effect?
What’s second line treatment for BPH?
What surgery can be offered to treat BPH?
What are the three main categories of LUTS?
What are the LUTS?
What are the three main types of incontinence?
What staging system is used for testicular cancer?
What parasitic infection can cause bladder cancer?
What’s the main type of bladder cancer?
What surgery can be offered for bladder cancer?
What are the two key risk factors for bladder cancer and what does it present with?
Gold standard investigation for bladder cancer?
Main type of renal cell carcinoma?
Three classic symptoms of a renal cell carcinoma?
Definition of erectile dysfunction?
- Inability to gain and maintain an erection (1)
- long enough to achieve sexual
satisfaction (1)
Three main causes of nephrotic syndrome and the antibodies associated with them?
Most common viral cause of FSGS?
Findings in minimal change disease?
What drug can be used to treat stress incontinence?
What are the surgical options for stress incontinence?
Which ethnic group are at an increased risk of prostate cancer?
Afro-Caribbean
What drug causes haemolytic anaemia in newborns?
First line drug treatment for CKD?
Staging of AKI, what are the criteria for loss and ESKD?
Three most common sights for renal stone lodging?
- pelviureteric junction
- pelvic brim
- vesicoureteric junction
Gold standard investigation for pyelonephritis?
Mid-stream urine sample
Gold standard investigation for kidney stones?
NCCT-KUB
Stage 2 of Gleason staging of prostate cancer?
Mostly well formed glands
Some poorly formed glands
Stage 3 of Gleason staging of prostate cancer?
Mostly poorly formed glands
Some well formed glands
First line for acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women?
Four most common types of kidney stone?
75% = calcium oxalate
15% = magnesium ammonium phosphate
5% = uric acid
1% = cystine
What’s Rovsing’s sign?
Pressing on LLQ increases pain in RLQ in appendicitis.
What is Chovstek’s sign?
- Facial nerve tapped in front of the tragus
- Momentary contraction of facial muscles
- Hypocalcaemia
When is Prehn’s sign positive?
When is the cremasteric reflex absent?
When is the blue dot sign positive?
Uncomplicated UTI definition?
no structural abnormalities, no co-morbidities, not pregnant, not male
