Liver & friends Flashcards
What score can be used to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis?
What is a first line investigation for acute pancreatitis?
Give a simple test for chronic pancreatitis.
Give three symptoms of acute pancreatitis.
Which hepatitis viruses are spread by IVDU?
(C more common)
Which hepatitis viruses are spread by the faecal-oral route?
Which hepatitis virus is mostly asymptomatic until the liver becomes noticeably damaged?
Which hepatitis can be spread by semen/vaginal fluid?
First, second and maintenance line drugs for autoimmune hepatitis?
A patient presents with jaundice who also has UC. What should you suspect?
What three antibodies can be present in PSC?
What structures become damaged by PSC?
What ducts are affected in PBC?
What antibodies are present in PBC?
What drug can be used to slow disease progression in PSC and PBC?
What drug can be used to treat pruritis as a complication of PBC/PSC?
What investigations would you use for PSC vs PBC?
Give three conditions PBC is associated with.
Give three conditions PSC is associated with.
note hepatocellular carcinoma also associated with PSC!
What can PSC present with?
- Jaundice
- Pruritis
- Fatigue
- IBS symptoms
What is xanthelasma and what causes it?
Build up of cholesterol deposits under the skin.
What levels of conjugated/unconjugated bilirubin do you see in pre, intra and post hepatic jaundice?
What happens to AST, ALT and ALP levels in prehepatic jaundice?
What happens to AST, ALT and ALP levels in intrahepatic jaundice?
What happens to AST, ALT and ALP levels in posthepatic jaundice?
Which types of jaundice do you see darkened urine in?
Which type of jaundice do you see pale coloured stools?
First line treatment for alcohol withdrawal?
A long acting benzodiazepine.
e.g chlordiazepoxide
What’s the most common cause of liver cirrhosis?
Chronic alcohol abuse
Three main bacteria to cause ascending cholangitis?
What is Charcot’s triad?
What is Reynold’s pentad?
What does Reynold’s pentad indicate?
Mutation of what gene on what chromosome leads to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
What type of molecule is alpha-1-antitrypsin?
What are the two main complications of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and at what ages does it usually manifest?
What causes median arcuate ligament syndrome? (MALS)
- Compression of coeliac artery
(Median arcuate ligament connects the left and right crura (crus singular) of the diaphragm)
Give three first line investigations for NAFLD.
Give the two gold standard tests to confirm a diagnosis of NAFLD.
Give two causes of pre-hepatic jaundice.
- G6PDH deficiency
- Hereditary spherocytosis
What’s the technical term for gallstones in the common bile duct?
Choledocholithiasis
First and second line treatment for high transferrin/ferritin?
Give four symptoms of Wilson’s disease.
Mutation of what gene on which chromosome causes Wilson’s disease?
What are the rings around the eyes called in Wilson’s disease?
Gold standard for diagnosis of Wilson’s disease?
First line treatment for Wilson’s disease?
What vitamins does chronic pancreatitis put you at risk of developing a deficiency in?
- Fat soluble ones
- A,D,E,K
Three symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?
Give two drugs that can be given for chronic pancreatitis.
What tumour marker can be used for HCC?
Which two types of hepatitis are risk factors for HCC?
Which two types of hepatitis are risk factors for HCC?
What antibodies are associated with types 1 and 2 autoimmune hepatitis?
Which hepatitis viruses are +ve ssRNA?
Which hepatitis doesn’t have a vaccine?
What are the genome structures of hepatitis B and D?
What antibodies imply vaccination against a given hepatitis virus?
What antibodies imply previous infection by a given hepatitis virus?
Which antibodies imply an acute/chronic infection is present?
Which type of gallstone is most common in fertile women and why?
Why do black pigmented gallstones usually occur?
Why do mixed/brown pigmented stones usually occur?
What does an AST:ALT ratio of 2 or more indicate?
What does an AST:ALT ratio of less than 1 indicate?
What are the two types of ascites?
Give three causes of high SAAG ascites?
Give three causes of low SAAG ascites?
Treatment of ascites?
Best investigation to confirm ascending cholangitis?
Contrast-enhanced dynamic CT
