MSK + Rheum Flashcards
1
Q
Give four examples of small vessel vasculitis
A
2
Q
Give three examples of medium vessel vasculitis
A
3
Q
Give two examples of large vessel vasculitis
A
4
Q
Which types of vasculitis are associated with ANCA?
A
5
Q
What does ANCA stand for?
A
6
Q
What test can be done for suspected ankylosing spondylitis?
A
7
Q
What test can be done to assess the adequacy of blood supply to the legs?
A
8
Q
What test can be done to test for weakness of the hip abductors?
A
9
Q
What’s the main infective organism in osteomyelitis? (what about in patients with sickle cell anaemia?)
A
10
Q
What’s the best imaging technique for diagnosis of osteomyelitis?
A
11
Q
How would an osteosarcoma appear on X-ray?
A
12
Q
How would a chondrosarcoma appear on X-ray?
A
13
Q
How would Ewing’s tumour appear on X-ray?
A
14
Q
What’s the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children?
A
Rhabdomyosarcoma
15
Q
Three first line treatments for SLE?
A
16
Q
Name three complications of SLE.
A
17
Q
What joints are typically affected in gout vs pseudogout?
A
18
Q
What are the crystals made of in gout vs pseudogout?
A
19
Q
What are the shapes and bifringence of the needles on aspiration of joint space in gout vs pseudogout?
A
20
Q
What X-ray finding is present in pseudogout?
A
21
Q
What can trigger a flare up of gout?
A
22
Q
Treatment of gout flare ups?
A
23
Q
What drug can be given for prophylaxis of gout?
A
24
Q
What type of nodes do you see in osteoarthritis?
A
note - Heberden’s is DIP!
25
What blood tests can be done for rheumatoid arthritis?
26
What genes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
27
Give four DMARDs that can be given for rheumatoid arthritis
28
What DMARDs could be used in pregnancy for rheumatoid arthritis?
29
What needs to be prescribed with methotrexate?
30
Give three complications of rheumatoid arthritis.
31
What are seen on X-ray scans in osteo vs rheumatoid arthritis?
32
Which blood test is more specific for RA?
33
What's the T-score range for osteopenia?
34
What scan can be used to investigate osteopenia?
35
What tool can be used to predict someone's risk of having a fragility fracture over the next 10 years?
36
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
37
What is first line medical treatment for osteoporosis?
38
Give three examples of bisphosphonates
39
What are three side effects of bisphosphonates?
40
Which arthritis is mostly symmetrical, osteo or rheumatoid?
41
How do bisphosphonates work?
Inhibit osteoclast activity
42
What is Paget's disease of bone?
43
Typical presentation of someone with Paget's disease of bone?
44
Main treatment for Paget's disease of bone?
45
What does c-ANCA and p-ANCA stand for?
Cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
46
Out of the two blood markers for SLE, testing for which is more specific for SLE and which is more sensitive?
47
What is antiphospholipid syndrome?
48
What blood results do you see in antiphospholipid syndrome?
49
Management of antiphospholipid syndrome?
50
What antibodies are present in antiphospholipid syndrome?
51
What's used for primary and secondary thrombotic prophylaxis in antiphospholipid syndrome?
52
Raised APTT and low platelets - what disease should you think of?
53
Criteria for diagnosis of fibromyalgia?
54
How is vitamin D produced in the body?
- Produced from cholesterol
- in the skin
- in response to UV radiation
55
How does vitamin D play a role in calcium and phosphate regulation?
- Essential for calcium + phosphate absorption in intestines + kidneys
- Promotes bone resorption to boost serum calcium
56
What is osteomalacia?
57
What's the laboratory investigation for vitamin-D and what level is defined as deficient?
58
Give three causes of osteomalacia (usually caused by vitamin D deficiency)
- Renal failure (kidneys convert vitamin D into active form)
- Liver disease (decreased vitamin D activation)
- Genetics (X-linked defect in PHEX genes leads to hypophosphatemia)
59
What drug is first line treatment for neuropathic pain?
Amitryptyline
60
Give three causes of inflammatory joint pain.
- Autoimmune e.g RA or spondyloarthropathies
- Crystal arthritis
- Infection
61
Give two causes of non-inflammatory joint pain.
- Degenerative e.g OA
- Non-degenerative e.g fibromyalgia
62
Give five things that can be seen on the hands of someone with rheumatoid arthritis.
63
When sending to the lab what abbreviation can be used for what should be done with the sample?
MC&S - Microscopy, culture and sensitivities
64
What classing system is used for grading fractures that occur in children that involve the growth plate?
65
What sections of long bones do the growth plates divide?
66
A five year old girl fractures her distal humerus, passing through the growth plate and epiphysis, but sparing the metaphysis. What stage fracture does she have?
67
Give three things you might prescribe allopurinol for.
- Prophylaxis in gout
- To prevent kidney stones
- To treat hyperuricaemia e.g TLS
68
How does allipurinol work to prevent gout/kidney stones?
- Prevents conversion of xanthine to uric acid
- Lowers plasma uric acid
69
Initial management for giant cell arteritis?
70
What condition does giant cell arteritis have a strong association with?
71
What two findings may you find in giant cell arteritis?
72
What two things is polyarteritis nodosa associated with?
73
MC cause of reactive arthritis?
74
Three associations of reactive arthritis?
75
What are the only two types of arthritis where the DIPJ is affected?
Osteo and psoriatic
76
Give three signs of psoriatic arthritis.
77
Management of osteoarthritis?
78
MC non-STI cause of reactive arthritis?
79
What non-blood test can be done for Sjögren's syndrome?
80
What antibodies are present in Sjögren's syndrome? Which is more specific?
81
Normal neutrophil range?
2500-7000 per microlitre
82
Neutrophil count in pseudogout aspiration?
Low neutrophil count (normal = 2500-7000 per microlitre)
83
Give two 'hidden' spots where psoriasis can be found on the body.
* Behind the ear
* Inside the ear
* Nails (onoklysis)
* Scalp
* Umbilicus
* Genitals
* Soles of feet
84
Give the risk factors for osteomyelitis/septic arthritis.
85
How should bisphosphonates be taken
- once weekly
- on an empty stomach
- remaining upright for at least 30 minutes afterwards
86
Three main stages of Paget's disease of bone?
87
What's the technical name for giant cell arteritis / Takayasu's arteritis?
Chronic granulomatous large vessel vasculitis
88
What blood marker can be used to monitor disease progression of SLE?
89
Give 5 signs of SLE?
90
What other disease shares an antibody with antiphospholipid syndrome and what antibody do they share?
91
What age group is predominantly affected in fibromyalgia?
92
Give four red flag symptom types for back pain
- Symptoms of CES
- Symptoms of spinal fracture
- Symptoms of infection
- Cancer red flags
93
Treatment of osteomyelitis?
