Renal Foundations 2

Question 1

Increased Afferent Arteriole Resistance

Answer 1

• decreases GFR flow
• decreases Ph

Question 2

Increased Efferent Arteriole Resistance

Answer 2

• increased GFR
• increased Ph
• blood pools in glomerulus

Question 3

Mechanisms of GFR Autoregulation

Answer 3

1. Myogenic Response
2. Tubuloglomerular Feedback

Question 4

Myogenic Response Explained

Answer 4

stretch due to increased pressure causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles

Question 5

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

Answer 5

• paracrine signalling at the juxtaglomerular apparatus
• uses specialized cells called MACULA DENSA

Question 6

Macula Densa Function

Answer 6

• sense increased flow into the glomerulus
• release paracrines that act on the afferent arteriole and cause vasoconstriction

Question 7

Secretion

Answer 7

• from blood into nephron
• important for removing organic compounds from the body (urea/creatinine)
• homeostatic regulation (K+/H+)

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

output is urine
- shouldnt contain any glucose/AA’s/metabolites

Question 9

reabsorption: transepithelial transport

Answer 9

substances cross both apical and basolateral membranes

Question 10

reabsorption: paracellular pathway

Answer 10

substances pass through tight junctions of adjacent cells

Question 11

transporters

Answer 11

ENaC = epithelial sodium channel
ATPase
SGLT = Sodium Glucose linked transporter
GLUT = glucose transporter