Fluid & Electrolyte Balance Flashcards
1
Q
Fluid & Electrolyte Homeostasis
A
- Body must maintain mass balance
- input + cellular production = cellular consumption + excretion - what comes into the body in excess needs to be excreted to maintain homeostasis
2
Q
Maintaining Water Balance
A
- the kidneys can conserve or remove body fluid by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed
- we do this by adjusting the GFR
3
Q
Nephron Osmolarity
A
- 300 mOsM in the cortex
- 1200 mOsM at the loop of henle
- 100 mOsM entering the distal tubule
4
Q
Vasopressin function
A
- Release Stimuli
- high plasma osmolarity
- low blood pressure/volume - controls the addition of aquaporins in the distal tubule
- increases water reabsorption and concentrates urine
5
Q
Aldosterone Function
A
- steroid hormone that is synthesized and released from the adrenal cortex
- results in increased sodium reabsorption & potassium secretion
6
Q
Sodium & Water Importance
A
ECF volume, osmolarity, blood volume
7
Q
Potassium Importance
A
cardiac and muscle function, excitable cells
8
Q
Calcium Importance
A
Exocytosis, muscle contractions, bone formation
9
Q
Proton and HCO3- Importance
A
pH balance
10
Q
Mechanisms to maintain pH homeostasis
A
- Buffers - HCO3, hemoglobin
- Regulation of Ventilation - regulated blood PCO2
- Kidneys - regulation of H+ & HCO3- secretion/absorption
11
Q
Acidosis Disturbances
A
- impaired protein function
- CNS depression (respiratory failure)
12
Q
Alkanosis Disturbances
A
- increased neuronal excitability (seizures, muscle tingling)
13
Q
pH disturbances Origin
A
- Respiratory - CO2
- Metabolic - lactic acid / vomiting
14
Q
Renal Compensation of pH homeostasis
A
- Proton secretion and HCO3- reabsorbtion at the proximal tubule
- fine regulation of Acid-Base balance occurs at the collecting duct
