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FA - Pharmacology > Renal - Diuretics > Flashcards

Renal - Diuretics Flashcards

What is the mechanism of mannitol What is mannitol used for What are toxicities to mannitol

1
Q

What is the mechanism of mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

Increase tubular fluid osmolarity, increasing urine flow, decreasing intracranial pressure

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2
Q

What is mannitol used for

A

Drug overdose

Elevated intracranial pressure

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3
Q

What are toxicities to mannitol

A

Pulmonary edema, dehydration

Contraindicated in anuria, CHF

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of acetazolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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5
Q

What is acetazolamide used for

A

Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metablic alkalosis, altitude sickness

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6
Q

What are toxicities to acetazolamide

A

Hypercholeremic metabolic acidosis

Sulfa allergy, NH3 toxicity

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of furosemide

A

Loop diuretic
Inhibits NaK2Cl in thick ascending limb
Prevents concentration of urine and increases Ca excretion

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8
Q

What is furosemide used for

A

Edema
HTN
Hypercalcemia

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9
Q

What are toxicities to furosemide

A

Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis, gout

“OH DANG”

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of ethacrynic acid

A

Loop diuretic
Inhibits NaK2Cl
Not a sulfonamide

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11
Q

What is ethacrynic acid used for

A

Diuresis in patients with sulfa allergies

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule reducing diluting capacity of nephron
Decreases Ca excretion

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13
Q

What is hydrochlorothiazide used for

A

HTN, CHF, hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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14
Q

What are toxicities to hydrochlorothiazide

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
Hyponatremia
HyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, hyperCalcemia

“HyperGLUC”

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15
Q

What are the K sparring diuretics

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone

Triamterene and amiloride

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of K sparring diuretics

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone are competitive antagonist of aldosterone

Triamterene and amiloride block the Na channels in the CCT

17
Q

What are K sparring diuretics used for

A

Hyperaldosteronism
K depletion
CHF

18
Q

What are side effects of spironolactone

A

Endocrine issues - gynocomastia, anti-androgen effects

19
Q

What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors

A

-pril

20
Q

What is the suffix for ATII receptor blockers

A

-sartans

21
Q

What is an advantage of ATII blockers vs ACE inhibitors

A

ACE inhibitors prevents inactivation of bradykinin
Increased bradykinin causes cough

ATII blockers dont increase bradykinin

22
Q

What are toxicities to ACE inhibitors

A

Cough, Angioedema, Teratogen, Creatinine increase, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension

“CATCHH”

FA - Pharmacology (12 decks)

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