Autonomic Drugs - Sympathetics Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of epinephrine
Direct sympathetic agonist
α1, α2, β2, β1
What is epinephrine used for
Anaphylaxis
Glaucoma (open angle)
Asthma
Hypotension
What is the mechanism of action of norepinephrine
Direct sympathetic agonist
α1, α2, and mild β1
No effect on β2
What is norepinephrine used for
Hypotension (but decrease renal perfusion)
What is the mechanism of action of isoproterenol
Direct sympathetic agonist
Equal agonist β1 = β2 activity
What is isoproterenol used for
Torsade de pointes
Bradyarrhythmias
What is the mechanism of action of dopamine
Direct sympathetic agonist
D1 = D2, mild β1 & β2 and mild α1
What is dopamine used for
Shock
Heart failure
Inotropic and chronotropic
What is the mechanism of action of dobutamine
Direct sympathetic agonist
β1 > β2
What is dobutamine used for
Heart failure, cardiac stress, stress testing
Inotropic and chronotropic
What is the mechanism of action of phenylephrine
Direct sympathetic agonist
α1 > α2
What is phenylephrine used for
Hypotension (vasoconstrictor) Ocular procedures (mydriatic) Rhinitis (decongestant)
What is the mechanism of action of albuterol/salmeterol/terbutaline
Direct sympathetic agonist
β2 > β1
What is albuterol/salmeterol/terbutaline used for
Metaproternol and albuterol for acute asthma
Salmeterol for long term asthma or COPD
Terbutalne to reduce premature uterine contraction
What is the mechanism of action of ritodrine
Direct sympathetic agonist
β2 only
What is ritodrine used for
Reduces premature uterine contractions
What is the mechanism of action of ampetamine
Indirect general agonist
Releases stored catecholamines
What is ampetamine used for
Narcolepsy
Obesity
ADD
What is the mechanism of action of ephedrine
Indirect general agonist
Releases stored catecholamines
What is ephedrine used for
Nasal decongestion
Urinary incontinence
Hypotension
What is the mechanism of action of cocaine
Indirect general agonist
Reuptake inhibitor
What is cocaine used for
Vasconstriction and local anesthesia
What is the mechanism of action of clonidine/methyldopa
Centrally acting α2 agonist
What is clonidine/methyldopa used for
Hypertension
What is the mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine
Nonselective α blocker
What is phenoxybenzamine used for
Pheochromocytoma
What are toxicities to phenoxybenzamine
Orthostatic hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
What is the mechanism of action of phentolamine
Nonselective α blocker
What is phenoxybenzamine used for
Patients on MAOi eating tyramine containing foods
What are toxicities to phenoxybenzamine
Orthostatic hypotension
Reflex tachycardia
What is the mechanism of action of the -osins
α1 selective blocker
What are the -osins used for
Hypertension
Urinary retention in BPH
What are toxicities to the -osins
1st dose orthostatic hypotension
Dizziness
Headache
What is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine
α2 selective blocker
What is mirtazapine used for
Depression
What are toxicities to mirtazapine
Sedation
Increase serum cholesterol
Increase appetite
What is the mechanism of action of the -lols
Beta blocker
Name clinical applications of the -lols
Angina pectoris MI SVT Hypertension CHF Glaucoma
What are toxicities of the -lols
Impotence
Exacerbation of asthma
Bradycardia, AV block
Sleep alteration
What are the β1 selective antagonists
Acebutolol Betaxolol Esmolol (short acting) Atenolol (no CNS entry) Metoprolol
What are the nonselective antagonist (β1 = β2)
Timolol
Propranolol
Nadolol
PIndolol
What are the nonselective α and β antagonist
Labetalol
Carvedilol
What are the β-agonists
Pindolol
Acebutolol
