Cardio - HTN and Angina Flashcards
What are the calcium channel blockers
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine
What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers
Block voltage dependent L type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle thereby reducing contractility
What are calcium channel blockers used for
HTN, angina, arrhythmas, Prinzmetals angina, Raynaud
What are toxicities to calcium channel blockers
Cardiac depression, AV block, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation
What is the mechanism of hydralazine
Increase cGMP causing smooth muscle relaxation
Vasodilates arterioles greater than veins
Afterload reduction
What is hydralazine used for
Severe HTN, CHF
First line therapy for HTN in pregnancy with methyldopa
What are toxicities to hydralazine
Tachycardia, fluid retention, nausea, headache, angina, lupus like syndrome
What are the treatments for malignant hypertension
Nitroprusside
Fenoldopam
What is the mechanism of nitroprusside
Short acting, increase cGMP via release of NO
Can cause cyanide toxicity
What is the mechanism of fenoldopam
Dopamine D1 receptor agonist
Decrease BP and increase natiuresis
What is the mechanism of nitroglycerin/isosorbide/dinitrate
Vasodilate by releasing NO in smooth muscle causing increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
What is nitroglycerin/isosorbide/dinitrate used for
Angina
What are toxicities to nitroglycerin/isosorbide/dinitrate
Tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, headache, tolerance
What is the mechanism of cardiac glycosides
Direct inhibition of the Na/K ATPase leads to inhibition of the Na/Ca exchanger
Increase intracellular Ca causes increased positive inotropy
What are cardiac glycosides used for
CHF
A-fib
