Renal COPY COPY

Question 1

Most common chronic glomerular disease
Focal segmental mesangial proliferation
Gross hematuria 1-2 days after URTI or GI infection
Normal serum C3

Answer 1

IgA nephropathy (Berger nephropathy)

Question 2

Caused by mutations inthe genes coding for type IV collagen
Foam cells
Hematuria 1-2 days after URTI
Anterior lenticonus is pathognomonic
Macular flecks, recurrent corneal ulcerations, GBM thicking and thinning, sensorineural deafness

Answer 2

Alport syndrome

Question 3

Microscopic hematuria and isolated thinning of the GBM on EM

Answer 3

Thin basement membrane disease

Question 4

“Lumpy bumpy” deposits of Ig and complement on GBM and mesangium
Depressed C3

Answer 4

Acute poststreptococcal GN

Question 5

Hematuria in AGN develops __ after an antecedent streptococcal pharyngitis and __ after a streptococcal pyoderma

Answer 5

1-2 weeks after pharyngitis

3-6 weeks after pyoderma

Question 6

The best antibody titer to document cutaneous streptococcal infection

Answer 6

anti-DNAse B level

Question 7

Most common cause of membranous glomerulopathy worldwide

Answer 7

Malaria

Question 8

Spikelike pattern of granular deposits of IgG and C3 on the epithelial side of the GBM
Thickening of the GBM
Manifests as nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

Membranous glomerulopathy

Question 9

Treatment of membranous glomerulopathy

Answer 9

Immunosuppressive therapy with an extended course of prednisone

Question 10

Lobar pattern of diffuse mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferatin, increase in mesangial cells and matrix
Glomerular capillary walls are thickened

Answer 10

Type I MPGN (most common)

Question 11

Dense deposit disease
Not mediated by immune complex
Severely depressed complement levels
C3 nephritic factor is present in many patients

Answer 11

Type 2 MPGN

Question 12

Pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis
Antibodies directed against specific epitopes of type IV collagen
Continuous linear deposition of IgG along the GBM
C3 is normal, (+) anti-GBM antibody

Answer 12

Good pasture disease

Question 13

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency. Diagnosis?

Answer 13

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 14

Definition of nephrotic range proteinuria

Answer 14

> 40 mg/m2/hr

or first morning protein:crea of >2-3:1

Question 15

Nephrotic syndrome patient who continues to have proteinuria of 2+ or greater after 8 weeks of steroid therapy

Answer 15

steroid resistant

Question 16

Nephrotic syndrome patient who relapses while on alternate-day steroid therapy or within 28 days of completing a successful course of prednisone

Answer 16

Steroid dependent

Question 17

Nephrotic syndrome patient who responds well to prednisone therapy but relapses at least 4 times in a 12-month period

Answer 17

Frequent relapser

Question 18

Cumulative threshold dose of cyclophosphamide above which oligo- or azoospermia occurs in boys is __

Answer 18

> 250 mg/kg

Question 19

Most common organism causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Answer 19

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 20

Vaccines can be administered after corticosteroid therapy has been discontinued for how long?

Answer 20

1 month

Question 21

USG >1.020
UOsm >500 mOsm/kg
UNa <20 mEq/L
FENa <1% (<2.5% in neonates)
Prerenal, intrinsic renal or postrenal?

Answer 21

Prerenal

Question 22

USG <1.010
UOsm <350 mOsm/kg
UNa >40 mEq/L
FENa >2% (>10% in neonates)
Prerenal, intrinsic renal or postrenal?

Answer 22

Intrinsic renal

Question 23

Vitamin D for renal osteodystrophy in patients with low 25-D levels

Answer 23

ergocalciferol

Question 24

Vitamin D for renal osteodystrophy in patients with normal 25-D level but elevated PTH

Answer 24

calcitriol

Question 25

In girls, first UTI occurs by the age of __

Answer 25

5 yr

Question 26

In boys, first UTI occurs by the age of __

Answer 26

1 yr

Question 27

In girls, 75-90% of UTIs are caused by these 3 pathogens

Answer 27

E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

Question 28

If the testis has not descended by __, it will remain undescended

Answer 28

4 mo

Question 29

The congenital undescended testis should be treated surgically not later than __

Answer 29

9-15 mo