Growth, Development and Behavior Flashcards
The neonatal period begins at birth and include the _____.
1st mo. of life
Mothers whose early childhood wee marked by _____ may find it especially difficult to provide consistent, responsive care
traumatic separations
abuse
neglect
Prenatal Risk Factors for Attachment
recent death of a loved one previous loss of or serious illness of another child prior removal of a child depression or serious mental illness infertility or pregnancy loss troubled relationship with parents financial stress or job loss marital discord or poor relationship with other parent recent move or no community ties no friends or social network unwanted pregnancy no good parenting model experience of poor parenting drug and/or alcohol abuse extreme immaturity
Returning to work should be delayed for at least _____ by which time feeding and basic behavioral adjustments have been established.
6 weeks
A _____ is a woman trained to offer friendly support and encouragement during labor whose presence results in shorter labor, fewer obstetric complications and reduced postpartum hospital days
doula
Postpartum depression may occur in the first _____ after delivery.
1 week - 6 mos.
Early skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth may correlate with an increased rate and longer duration of _____.
breastfeeding
Anthropometrics:
weight at birth
- 4 kg
7. 5 lbs
Anthropometrics:
length at birth
50 cm
20 in
Anthropometrics:
head circumference at birth
35 cm
14 in
Neonates are near-sighted with a focal length of _____, approximately the distance between the breast and the mother’s face.
8-12 in
A newborn’s hearing is well developed and there is preference for a _____.
female voice
Newborns have a visual preference for _____.
faces
Overaroused infants show signs of _____.
autonomic instability
6 Behavioral States of an Infant
quiet sleep active sleep drowsy alert fussy crying
The newborn’s first office visit should occur during the first _____.
2 weeks after discharge
For newborns who were discharged early, are breastfeeding and are at risk for jaundice, follow-up should be done _____.
1-3 days after discharge
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Gross Motor
prone: arms and legs flexed, pelvis high ventral suspension: head held below body supine: arms/legs semi-flexed pull to sit: complete head lag held upright: legs extended
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Fine Motor
grasp reflex
drop object immediately
hands remain fisted
sweeping movements towards object
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Language
Expressive: crying, whimpering
Receptive: startledby loud sound
Developmental Milestones of Newborns:
Personal-Social
gazes at faces, colored objects and bright lights
Physiologic Weight Loss
↓10% BW in the 1st week
*excretion of excess extravascular fluid, limited nutritional intake
Infants regain or exceed their birth weight by _____.
2 weeks
Infants grow ______ during the 1st mo.
30 g/day
*fastest postnatal growth
Infants from 0-2 mos. can already differentiate among _____.
patterns
colors
consonants
Infants who are consistently picked up and held in response to distress_____ and show _____.
cry less at 1 y.o.
less aggressive behavior at 2 y.o.
Crying peaks at _____ then decreases to _____.
6 weeks (3h/day) ≤ 1h at 3 mos.
The cerebellar white matter acquires myelin by 1 mo. and is completely myelinated by _____.
3 mos.
Myelination progresses from _____.
posterior to anterior
Physiologic changes in the first 2 mos. allow the establishment of _____.
feeding routines
predictable sleep-wake cycle
Neurologic maturation allows consolidation of sleep into _____ during the first 2 mos. of life.
5-6 hours/night
Infants at 2 mos. can discriminate rhythmic patterns in _____.
native vs. non-native language
_____ is present in 20% of infants < 2 mos. and although inmost it is a transient and normal behavioral activity, it is often associated with parental concern and distress.
Crying/Fussiness
At 2-6 mos. emergence of _____ and _____ mark the change in the parent-child relationship.
voluntary (social) smiles
increasing eye contact
Between 3-4 mos., rate of growth is _____.
20 g/day
By 4 mos. birthweight is _____.
doubled
Total sleep requirements at 2-6 mos. are approximately_____.
14-16 hours/day
By _____, the sleep EEG shows a mature pattern.
4-6 mos.
At 4 mos., infants are described as _____ socially, becoming interested in a wider world.
hatching
The first stage of personality development occurs during _____.
2-6 mos.
Motor maturation makes infants at _____ exciting and interactive.
3-6 mos.
At _____, infants develop will and intentions.
6-12 mos.
By the 1st birthday, birth weight has _____, length has increased by _____, and HC has increased by _____.
3x BW
↑50% length
+10 cm HC
Thumb-finger grasp develops at _____.
8-9 mos.
Pincer grasp develops at _____.
12 mos.
Tooth eruption occurs at _____ starting with the _____.
6-12 mos.
mandibular central incisors
Object permanence is achieved at _____.
9 mos.
Stranger anxiety usually develops with _____.
object permanence
The first true word appears in concert with an infant’s discovery of _____.
object permanence
Gross Motor Milestones:
holds head steady while sitting
2 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
pulls to sit with no head lag
3 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
brings hands together in midline
3 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
4 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
sits without support
6 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
rolls back to stomach
6.5 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
walks alone
12 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
runs
16 mos.
Developmental Implications:
holds head steady while sitting
allows more visual interaction
Developmental Implications:
pulls to sit with no head lag
muscle tone
Developmental Implications:
brings hands together in midline
self-discovery of hands
Developmental Implications:
asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone
can inspect hands in midline
Developmental Implications:
sits without support
increasing exploration
Developmental Implications:
rolls back to stomach
truncal flexion, risk of falls
Developmental Implications:
walks alone
exploration, control of proximity to parents
Developmental Implications:
runs
supervision more difficult
Fine Motor Milestones:
grasps rattle
3.5 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
reaches for objects
4 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
palmar grasp gone
4 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
transfers object hand to hand
5.5 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
thumb-finger grasp
8 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
turns pages of book
12 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
scribbles
13 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
builds tower of 2 cubes
15 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
builds tower of 6 cubes
22 mos.
Developmental Implications:
grasps rattle
object use
Developmental Implications:
reaches for objects
visuomotor coordination
Developmental Implications:
palmar grasp gone
voluntary release
Developmental Implications:
transfers object hand to hand
comparison ofobjects
Developmental Implications:
thumb-finger grasp
able to explore small objects
Developmental Implications:
turns pages of book
increasing autonomy during book time
Developmental Implications:
scribbles
visual-motor coordination
Developmental Implications:
builds tower of 2 cubes
uses objects in combination
Developmental Implications:
builds tower of 6 cubes
requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination
Communication and Language Milestones:
smiles in response to face, voice
1.5 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
monosyllabic babble
6 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
inhibits to “no”
7 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
follows one-step command with gesture
7 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
follows one-step command without gesture
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
says “mama” or “dada”
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
points to objects
10 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks first real word
12 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 4-6 words
15 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 10-15 words
18 mos.
Communication and Language Milestones:
speaks 2-word sentences
19 mos.
Developmental Implications:
smiles in response to face, voice
more active social participant
Developmental Implications:
monosyllabic babble
experimentation with sound, tactile sense
Developmental Implications:
inhibits to “no”
response to tone (non-verbal)
Developmental Implications:
follows one-step command with gesture
non-verbal communication
Developmental Implications:
follows one-step command without gesture
verbal receptive language
Developmental Implications:
says “mama” or “dada”
expressive language
Developmental Implications:
points to objects
interactive communication
Developmental Implications:
speaks first real word
beginning of labeling
Developmental Implications:
speaks 4-6 words
acquisition of object and personal names
Developmental Implications:
speaks 10-15 words
acquisition of object and personal names
Developmental Implications:
speaks 2-word sentences
beginning grammatization, corresponds with 50-word vocabulary
Cognitive Milestones:
stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
2 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
stares at own hand
4 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
bangs 2 cubes
8 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
8 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
egocentric symbolic play
12 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
uses stick to reach toy
17 mos.
Cognitive Milestones:
pretend play with doll
17 mos.
Developmental Implications:
stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared
lack of object permanence
Developmental Implications:
stares at own hand
self-discovery, cause and effect
Developmental Implications:
bangs 2 cubes
active comparison of objects
Developmental Implications:
uncovers toy after seeing it hidden
object permanence
Developmental Implications:
egocentric symbolic play
beginning symbolic thought
Developmental Implications:
uses stuck to reach toy
able to link actions to solve problems
Developmental Implications:
pretend play with doll
symbolic thought
Most children begin to walk independently near their _____.
1st birthday
Language develops in a sequence where _____.
receptive language precedes expressive language
By ____, the average child points to major body parts and uses 4-6 words spontaneously and correctly.
15 mos.
By 24 mos., children are about _____ of their ultimate adult height.
1/2
90% of adult HC is achieved by _____.
2 y.o.
Increased clinginess develops at _____ and a _____ may be used as a symbol of the absent parent.
18 mos.
transitional object
Self-conscious awareness and internalized standards of behavior first appear at _____.
18-24 mos.
The most dramatic development during 18-24 mos. is _____.
linguistic
A child’s vocabulary balloons from _____ at 18 mos. to _____ at 2 y.o.
10-15 words - 18 mos.
50-100 - 2 y.o.
Children start to understand 2-step commands at _____.
18-24 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
run, pivots, walk backwards
15 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
walk upstairs with rails
18 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
jump with both feet
24 mos.
Gross Motor Milestones:
jump forward, pedal tricycle
30 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
spontaneous scribbling
15 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
imitate stroke on paper
18 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
imitate vertical lines
24 mos.
Fine Motor Milestones:
draw circle with series of perseverating lines
30 mos.
Languange Milestones:
two-word phrases, able to follow 2-step commands
24 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - lies in flexed attitude, turns head from side to side, head sags on ventral suspension
neonate
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine - generally flexed and a little stiff
neonate
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Visual - may fixate face on light in line of vision, “doll’s eye”, movement of eyes on turning of the body
neonate
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Reflex - Moro response active, stepping and placing reflexes, grasp reflex active
neonate
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - visual preference for human face
neonate
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - legs more extended, holds chin up, turns head, head lifted momentarily to plane of body on ventral suspension
1 mo.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine - tonic neck posture predominates, supple and relaxed, head lags when pulled to sit
1 mo.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Visual- watches person, follows moving object
1 mo.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact, beginning to smile
1 mo.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - raises head slightly farther, head sustained in plae of body on ventral suspension
2 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine - tonic neck posture predominated, head lags when pulled to sit
2 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Visual - follows moving object 180 degrees
2 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - smiles on social contact, listens to voice and coos
2 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - lifts head and chest with arms extended, head above plane of body on ventral suspension
3 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine -tonic neck posture predominated, reaches toward and missed objects, waves at tooy
3 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Sitting- head lag partially compensated when pulled to sit, early head control with bobbing motion, back rounded
3 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Reflex - typical Moro response has not persisted, makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions
3 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - sustained social contact, listens to music, says “aah, ngah”
3 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis, legs extended
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine - symmetric posture predominated, hands midline, reaches and grasps objects and brings them to mouth
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Sitting - no head lag when pulled to sit, head steady, tipped forward, enjoys sitting with full truncal support
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Standing - when held erect, pushes with feet
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - sees raisin, but makes no move to reach for it
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - laughs out loud, may show displeasure is social contact is broken, excited at sight of food
4 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Prone - rolls over, pivots, crawls, creep-crawls
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Supine - lifts head, rolls over, squirms
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Sitting - sits briefly, with support of pelvis, leans forward on hands, back rounded
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Standing - may support most of weight, bounces actuvely
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - reaches out for and grasps largeobjects, transfers objects hand to hand, grasp uses radial palm, rakesat raisin
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - forms polysyllabic vowel sounds
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - prefers mother, babbles, enjoys mirror, responds to changes in emotional content of social contact
7 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Sitting - siits up alone and indefinitely without supportm back straight
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Standing - pulls to stand, cruises or walks holding on to furniture
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - creeps or crawls
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - grasps objects with thumb and forefinger, pokes at things with forefinger, picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement, uncovers hidden toy, attempts to retrieve dropped object, releases object grasped by other person
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - repetitive consonant sounds
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - responds to sound of name, plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake, waves bye-bye
10 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - walks with one hand held, rises independently, takes several steps
1 y.o.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive -picks up raisin with unassisted pincer movement of forefinger and thumb, releases object to other person on request or gesture
1 y.o.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - says a few words besides “mama” or “dada”
1 y.o.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - plays simple ball game, makes postural adjustment to dressing
1 y.o.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - walks alone, crawls up stairs
15 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 3 cubes, makes line with crayon, inserts raisin in bottle
15 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - jargon, follows simple commands, may name a familiar object, responds to his-her name
15 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - indicates some desires or needs by pointing, hugs parents
15 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - runs stiffly, sits on small chair, walks up stairs with hand heldm explores drawers and wastebaskets
18 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 4 cubes, imitates scribbling, imitates vertical stroke, dumps raisin from bottle
18 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - 10 words, names pictures, identifies 1 or more parts of body
18 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social- feeds self, seeks help when in trouble, may complain when wt or soiled, kisses parent with pucker
18 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - runs well, walks up and down stairs, 1 step at a time, opens doors, climbs furniture, jumps
24 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 7 cubes, scribbles in circular pattern, imitates horizontal stroke, folds paper once imitatively
24 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object)
24 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - handles spoon well, often tells about immediate experiences, helps undress, listens to stories when shown pictures
24 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - goes up stairs alternating feet
30 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 9 cubes, makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make cross, imitates circular stroke, forming closed figure
30 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - refers to self by pronoun “I”, knows full name
30 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - helps put things away, pretends in play
30 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - rides tricycle, stands momentarily on 1 foot
36 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - makes tower of 10 cubes, imitates construction of bridge of 3 cubes, copies circle, imitates cross
36 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - knows age and sex, counts 3 objects correctly, repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables, most of speech intelligible to strangers
36 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - plays simple games (parallel play), helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing, puts on shoes), washes hands
36 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - hops on 1 foot, throws ball overhand, uses scissors to cut out pictures, clims well
48 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - copies bridge from model, imitates construction of gate of 5 cubes, copies cross and square, draws man with 204 parts beside head, identifies longer of 2 lines
48 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - counts 4 pennies accurately, tells story
48 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - plays with several children, with beginning of social interaction and role-playing, goes to toilet alone
48 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Motor - skips
60 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Adaptive - draws triangle from copy, names heavier of 2 weights
60 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Language - names 4 colors, repeats sentence of 10 syllables, counts 10 pennies correctly
60 mos.
Emerging Patterns of Behavior:
Social - dresses and undresses, asks questions about meaning of words, engages in domestic role-playing
60 mos.
The critical milestones for 2-5 y.o. are _____.
emergence of language
expanding social sphere
Birthweight quadruples by _____.
2 1/2 y.o.
An average 4 y.o. weighs _____ and is _____ tall.
40 lbs.
40 in.
Head circumference will grow an additional _____ between 3-18 years.
5 cm
Handedness is established at _____.
3 years
Bowel and bladder control emerges during _____.
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
Bedwetting is normal up to _____.
4 y.o. - girls
5 y.o. - boys
At _____, the number of words in a typical sentence equals the child’s age
2-5 y.o.
_____ with a child improves vocabulary and receptive language.
Reading aloud
_____ of children will stutter but resolve in _____.
5%
80% by 8 y.o.
Magical thinking, egocentrism and thinking that is dominated by perception are present during the
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
After _____, the child develops a concept of self as an individual (needs to feel whole).
2 y.o.
TV and similar media should be limited to _____.
2 hrs/day
At 2 y.o., behavioral limits are _____ and by 5 y.o., these controls need to be _____.
external - 2 y.o.
internal - 5 y.o.
Tantrums lasting _____ or regularly occurring _____ may reflect underlying medical, emotional and social problem.
> 15 min.
> 3x/day
During _____, curiosity about genitals and adult sexual organs is normal, as is masturbation.
preschool years (2-5 y.o.)
Before the 2nd birthday, the child’s sense of right and wrong stems from _____.
the desire to earn approval from the parents
avoid negative consequences
Discipline during the preschool years should be _____.
immediate
specific to the behavior
time-limited
Time-out for approximately _____ of age is very effecive.
1 min./yr.
Gross Motor Milestones:
ride a tricycle
3 y.o.
Gross Motor Milestones:
hop
4 y.o.
Gross Motor Milestones:
skip
5 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
draw a circle or a person with 2 body parts
3 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
draw a cross
3.5-4 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
draw a square
4-4.5 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
draw a triangle
5 y.o.
Language Milestones:
3-4 worded sentences, understands prepositions
3 y.o.
Language Milestones:
complete sentences, understands concept of size
4 y.o.
Language Milestones:
understands concept of time, follows 3-step commands
5 y.o.
Personal-Social Milestones:
dress under supervision
3 y.o.
Personal-Social Milestones:
dress independently/correctly
4 y.o.
Personal-Social Milestones:
do simple errands, help in household chores
5 y.o.
Self-esteem is a central issue during _____.
middle childhood (6-11 y.o.)
Loss of deciduous (baby) teeth starts at _____.
6 y.o.
Replacement with adult teeth occurs at a rate of _____
4 teeth/yr.
Increasing independence is marked by the first _____.
sleepover
overnight camp
By 5-6 y.o., children have developed a _____.
conscience
Gross Motor Milestones:
climb, run
7 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
copy letters, reverse some letters, draw a person with 12 parts
6 y.o.
Fine Motor Milestones:
know right and left sides
7 y.o.
Language Milestones:
verbalize emotions, follow 3-step command
6 y.o.
Personal-Social Milestones:
dress up completely, tie shoe laces
6 y.o.
Head circumference is determined by _____.
running a flexible tape measure from the supraorbital ridge to the occiput
BMI Formula
weight in kg/(height in m)^2
Mid-Parental Height Formula: Boys
[(maternal ht. + 13) + paternal ht.]/2
Mid-Parental Height Formula: Girls
[maternal ht. + (paternal ht. - 13)]/2
The diagnosis of failure to thrive is considered if a child’s weight is _____.
< 5th percentile
drops more than 2 percentile lines
weight for height is < 5th percentile
_____ remains to be the single best growth chart indicator of acute undernutrition.
weight for height < 5th percentile
Linear growth deficiency (stunting) is more likely to be due to _____ rather than nutritional deficiency.
congenital
constitutional
familial
The ratio of the upper body segment divided by the lower body segment is _____.
1.7 - birth
1.3 - 3 y.o.
1 - 7 y.o.
Skeletal maturation is linked more closely to _____ than to chronological age.
sexual maturity rating
Puberty:
Timing of Growth Spurt - Males
mid-puberty (SMR 3-4)
11.5 y.o.
Puberty:
Timing of Growth Spurt - Females
early puberty (SMR 2-3) 10 y.o.
Puberty:
Peak Height Velocity - Males
13.5 y.o.
Puberty:
Peak Height Velocity - Females
11.5 y.o.
Puberty:
Rate of Linear Growth - Males
9-10 cm/yr
Puberty:
Rate of Linear Growth - Females
8-9 cm/yr
Puberty:
Average Gain in Height - Males
28 cm
Puberty:
Average Gain in Height - Females
25 cm
Puberty:
Peak Weight Velocity - Males
occurs with peak height velocity
Puberty:
Peak Weight Velocity - Females
6 mos. after peak height velocity
Puberty:
Muscle Mass - Males
increases from 80 to 90% of body weight
Puberty:
Muscle Mass - Females
decreases from 80 to 70% of body weight
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
Weight
5-10% weight loss at 1st week
retrun or exceed BW at 7-10 days
double BW at 405 mos.
triple BW at 1 y.o.
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
Daily Weight Gain
20-30 g/day - 3-4 mos.
15-20 g/day - 5-12 mos.
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
Length/Height
20 in. - birth
30 in. - 1 y.o.
40 in. - 4 y.o.
Rules of Thumb for Growth:
Head Circumference
35 cm - birth
2 cm/mo. x 3 mos.
1 cm/mo 4-12 mos.
Estimated Weight - 0-6 mos.
mos. x 600 + BW g
Estimated Weight - 6-12 mos.
300 + (mos.after 6 mos. x 500) + BW g
Estimated Weight - 1-6 y.o.
years x 2 + 8 kg
Estimated Weight - 7-12 y.o.
[(years x 7) - 5]/2
Estimated Length - 0-3 mos.
birth length + 9 cm
Estimated Length - 4-6 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm
Estimated Length - 7-9 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm + 5 cm
Estimated Length - 10-12 mos.
birth length + 9 cm + 8 cm + 5 cm + 3 cm
Estimated Height - 2-12 y.o.
(years x 6) + 77 cm
Developmental Milestones:
moves head side to side, regards face, alerts to bell
2 weeks
Developmental Milestones:
lifts shoulder while prone, tracks past midline, smiles responsively, cooing,searches for sound with eyes
2 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
lifts up on hands, rolls front to back, no head lag if pulled to sit, reaches for object, raking grasp, looks at hand, begins to work toward toy, laughs, squeals
4 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
sits alone, transfers object hand to hand, feeds self, holds bottle, babbles
6 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
pulls to stand, gets into sitting position, pincer grip, bangs 2 blocks, waves bye-bye, plays pat-a-cake, says “mama”/”dada” as non-specific 2-syllable sounds
9 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
walks, stoops and stands, puts block in cup, drinks from cup, imitates others, says “mama”/”dada” as specific words, says 1-2 words
12 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
walks backward, scribbles, stacks 2 blocks, uses spoon and fork,helps in housework, says 3-6 words, follows commands
15 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
runs, stacks 4 blocks, kicks a ball, removes clothes, feeds doll, says 6 words
18 mos.
Developmental Milestones:
walks up and down the stairs, throws overhand, stacks 6 blocks, copies line, washes and dries hands, brushes teeth, puts on clothes, puts 2 words together, points to pictures, knows body parts, understands concept of today
2 y.o.
Developmental Milestones:
walks with alternating steps, broad jump, stacks 8 blocks, wiggles thumb, ues spoon well, pits on t-shirt, names pictures, speech understandable to stranger (75%), 3-word sentences, understands concept of tomorrow and yesterday
3 y.o.
Developmental Milestones:
balances well, on each foot,hops on one foot, copies circle, draws person with 3 parts, brushes teeth without help, dresses without help, names colors, understands adjectives
4 y.o.
Developmental Milestones:
skips, heel-to-toe walks, copies square, counts, understands opposites
5 y.o.
Developmental Milestones:
balances on each foot for 6 sec., copies triangle, draws person with 6 parts, defines words, begins to understand right and left
6 y.o.
