2 cardiology

Question 1

Functional closure of Foramen ovale

Answer 1

3mos

Question 2

Functional closure of ductus arteriosus

Answer 2

10-15 HOL

Question 3

MC cardiac malformation

Answer 3

VSD

Question 4

Gooseneck deformity in 2d echo

Answer 4

Endocardial cushion defect

Question 5

CI to closure of VSD

Answer 5

Severe pulmo vascular dse

Question 6

Physiologic closure of PDA

Answer 6

10-15hrs

Question 7

Anatomic closure of PDA

Answer 7

2-3wks

Question 8

MC form of ASD

Answer 8

ostium secundum

Question 9

MC lesions resulting in increase pressure load

Answer 9

valvular PS
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta

Question 10

anomalous venous drain to IVC with pulmo sequestration & anomalous arterial supply

Answer 10

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Question 11

MC cardiac malformation

Answer 11

VSD

Question 12

MC type of VSD

Answer 12

membranous type

Question 13

loud, harsh or blowing holosystolic murmur @ lower left sternal border with a thrill

Answer 13

VSD

Question 14

grade 2-3 systolic ejection murmur (left mid & upper sternal border)

Answer 14

ASD

Question 15

criteria for surgical closure of VSD

Answer 15

• any age w/ LARGE defect, uncontrolled by meds
• 6-12 mos old w/ large defect & pulmo hypertension
• > 24 mos old w/ Qp:Qs >2:1
• supracristal VSD

Question 16

effects of large PDA

Answer 16

• inc risk for pulmo vascular dse
• wide pulse pressure
• heart failure & growth retardation

Question 17

continuous machinery murmur @ left infraclavicular area with bounding peripheral pulse

Answer 17

PDA

Question 18

reason for surgical or catheter closure in PDA

Answer 18

small PDA: prevent bacterial enderitis

large PDA: treat heart failure, prevent pulmo vasuclar dse

Question 19

left to right shunt lesions (Acyanotic)

Answer 19

ASD
PAPVR
VSD
PDA
ECD

Question 20

obstructive lesion (acyanotic)

Answer 20

AS
CoA
PS
MR

Question 21

MC heart lesion in Noonan Syndrome

Answer 21

PVS

Question 22

treatment of PVS

Answer 22

balloon valvuloplasty

Question 23

heart lesion assoc w/ Turner syndrome

Answer 23

CoA

Question 24

left sided lesion that occur together
(supravalvular mitral membrane, parachute mitral valve, muscular or membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta)

Answer 24

Shone Complex

Question 25

notching of the inferior border of the ribs

Answer 25

CoA

Question 26

bounding pulse of the arms and carotid vessels

Answer 26

CoA

Question 27

narrow pulse pressure Paradoxical S2 split murmur radiates from neck to apex

Answer 27

AS

Question 28

Symptomatic CoA

Answer 28

``` HF/ shock acidosis weak thready pulse (-) murmur 50% RVH pulmo edema - cardiomegaly ```

Question 29

Asymptomatic CoA

Answer 29

``` normal G&D dec or (-) pulse in legs systolic thrill LVH normal or sl. cardiomegaly 3 sign or rib notching ```

Question 30

associated syndromes of MVP

Answer 30

``` Marfan syndrome straight back syndrome pectus excavatum scoliosis Ehler Danlos ```

Question 31

components of TOF

Answer 31

RVH VSD overriding aorta PS

Question 32

Coeur en sabot

Answer 32

TOF

Question 33

complications of TOF

Answer 33

central thromboses > brain abscess | associated with CATCH 22

Question 34

tx for TOF

Answer 34

blalock taussig shunt

Question 35

snowman appearance

Answer 35

TAPVR

Question 36

egg shaped heart

Answer 36

TGA

Question 37

TOC for TGA

Answer 37

Jatene arterial switch

Question 38

arterial switch in TGA for older children

Answer 38

Mustard or Senning

Question 39

MC pathogen for IE

Answer 39

viridans type streptococcus and s.aureus

Question 40

2 important factors for pathogenesis of IE

Answer 40

- presence of turbulent flow d/t structural heart dse | - bacteremia

Question 41

tender, pea sized, intradermal nodule in pads of fingers and toes

Answer 41

Osler nodes

Question 42

painless small erythematous or hemorrhagic lesion on the palms & soles

Answer 42

janeway lesion

Question 43

linear lesion beneath nails

Answer 43

splinter hemorrhage

Question 44

Duke Criteria

Answer 44

``` 2M or Mmmm or 5M M: (+) BCS at least 2 (+) endocarditis in 2Decho m: predisposing factor fever embolic vascular signs immune complex phenomena single BCS 2D echo not meeting the criteria ```

Question 45

triad of myocarditis

Answer 45

cardiomegaly CHF (-) murmur

Question 46

MC manifestation of Myocarditis

Answer 46

HF arrhythmia sudden death

Question 47

1st symptom of pericarditis

Answer 47

precordial pain

Question 48

triad of pericarditis

Answer 48

chest pain friction rub ST elevation