2 cardiology Flashcards
Functional closure of Foramen ovale
3mos
Functional closure of ductus arteriosus
10-15 HOL
MC cardiac malformation
VSD
Gooseneck deformity in 2d echo
Endocardial cushion defect
CI to closure of VSD
Severe pulmo vascular dse
Physiologic closure of PDA
10-15hrs
Anatomic closure of PDA
2-3wks
MC form of ASD
ostium secundum
MC lesions resulting in increase pressure load
valvular PS
Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
anomalous venous drain to IVC with pulmo sequestration & anomalous arterial supply
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
MC cardiac malformation
VSD
MC type of VSD
membranous type
loud, harsh or blowing holosystolic murmur @ lower left sternal border with a thrill
VSD
grade 2-3 systolic ejection murmur (left mid & upper sternal border)
ASD
criteria for surgical closure of VSD
- any age w/ LARGE defect, uncontrolled by meds
- 6-12 mos old w/ large defect & pulmo hypertension
- > 24 mos old w/ Qp:Qs >2:1
- supracristal VSD
effects of large PDA
- inc risk for pulmo vascular dse
- wide pulse pressure
- heart failure & growth retardation
continuous machinery murmur @ left infraclavicular area with bounding peripheral pulse
PDA
reason for surgical or catheter closure in PDA
small PDA: prevent bacterial enderitis
large PDA: treat heart failure, prevent pulmo vasuclar dse
left to right shunt lesions (Acyanotic)
ASD PAPVR VSD PDA ECD
obstructive lesion (acyanotic)
AS
CoA
PS
MR
MC heart lesion in Noonan Syndrome
PVS
treatment of PVS
balloon valvuloplasty
heart lesion assoc w/ Turner syndrome
CoA
left sided lesion that occur together
(supravalvular mitral membrane, parachute mitral valve, muscular or membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta)
Shone Complex
notching of the inferior border of the ribs
CoA
bounding pulse of the arms and carotid vessels
CoA
narrow pulse pressure
Paradoxical S2 split
murmur radiates from neck to apex
AS
Symptomatic CoA
HF/ shock acidosis weak thready pulse (-) murmur 50% RVH pulmo edema - cardiomegaly
Asymptomatic CoA
normal G&D dec or (-) pulse in legs systolic thrill LVH normal or sl. cardiomegaly 3 sign or rib notching
associated syndromes of MVP
Marfan syndrome straight back syndrome pectus excavatum scoliosis Ehler Danlos
components of TOF
RVH
VSD
overriding aorta
PS
Coeur en sabot
TOF
complications of TOF
central thromboses > brain abscess
associated with CATCH 22
tx for TOF
blalock taussig shunt
snowman appearance
TAPVR
egg shaped heart
TGA
TOC for TGA
Jatene arterial switch
arterial switch in TGA for older children
Mustard or Senning
MC pathogen for IE
viridans type streptococcus and s.aureus
2 important factors for pathogenesis of IE
- presence of turbulent flow d/t structural heart dse
- bacteremia
tender, pea sized, intradermal nodule in pads of fingers and toes
Osler nodes
painless small erythematous or hemorrhagic lesion on the palms & soles
janeway lesion
linear lesion beneath nails
splinter hemorrhage
Duke Criteria
2M or Mmmm or 5M M: (+) BCS at least 2 (+) endocarditis in 2Decho m: predisposing factor fever embolic vascular signs immune complex phenomena single BCS 2D echo not meeting the criteria
triad of myocarditis
cardiomegaly
CHF
(-) murmur
MC manifestation of Myocarditis
HF
arrhythmia
sudden death
1st symptom of pericarditis
precordial pain
triad of pericarditis
chest pain
friction rub
ST elevation
