Infectious Disease Flashcards
Top 3 causes of common cold?
Rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, parainfluenza
Top 3 causes of nasopharyngitis?
Adenovirus, enterovirus, influenza
Also C. diphtheria, H. flu, N.meningititis
Top 3 causes of tonsillopharyngitis
GAS, Group C and G strept, H flu
Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses
20% bacterial, 80% viral
Acute sore throat, N/V/abd pain, HA
Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
GAS pharyngitis
Treatment for GAS tonsillopharyngitis?
PCN V x 10 days
Complications of GAS tonsillopharyngitis?
RF (10 days), AGN, peritonsillar abscess
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Adenoviruses
See with swimming pool exposure
Herpangina
Enteroviruses (coxsackie A)
CBC finding in pertussis? WHat is the best test?
Absolute lymphocytosis
Dx: culture/PCR and single serum PT serology
Treatment for pertussis
A macrolide ABX
Top 3 causes of AOM
S. pneumoniae (5% resistant to Amox), non-typeable H.flu (20% resistant to Amox), M.catarralis (almost all resistant to Amox)
What is the most frequent known cause of perinatally acquired viral infection?
CMV - 0.5-2.7% of births
Fetal infection in 50% of primary maternal infections
HSM Hyperbilirubinemia Petechiae, purpura and thrombocytopenia Microcephaly Ocular defects Cerebral calcifications Hemolytic anemia Interstitial PNA Deafness
CMV
What congenital anomalies are associated with CMV?
CV, hypospadias, GI, musculoskeletal
CMV Dx
- Inclusion cells in urine
- Virus isolation - culture urine, throat and CSF
- PCR blood, CSF
- Test for IgM specific CMV antibody (frequent false positives)
When is the highest risk of congenital rubella during pregnancy?
85% first 8 weeks
52% 9-12 weeks
16% 13-20 weeks
0% >20 weeks
Manifestations of congenital rubella?
10-30% in utero death 50-85% IUGR 35% cataracts 35% retinopathy 80-90% deafness 30-40% CHD 5-20% MR, meningoencephalitis, bone radiolucencies, HSM, interstitial pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia
Dx of congenital rubella?
- Cx for rubella virus via nasopharynx, urine and CSF
- IgM specific rubella antibody
- Persistent IgG rubella antibody
Major risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis B?
- Presence of HBeAg (80-95%)
- Asian (40-70%)
- Acute hepatitis in 3rd trimester (60-70%)
- High titer of HBsAg
- Vesicular rash at birth
- LBW
- chorioretinitis
- brain damage
- SGA
- microcephaly
- intracranial calcifications
- microphtalmia
- cataracts
Congenital HSV
What are the two risk periods of VZ Infection?
Early pregnancy and at term (<5days before delivery or within 48 hours after delivery)
RIsk of HIV virus transmission from an infected mother in utero?
30-35%
Red blood cell aplasia and possibly fetal hydrops and abortion
Parvovirus B19 infection
5-8% risk of abortion
No associated congenital malformations
Cats, raw meat, travel, living in rural areas
Toxoplasmosis
MR Seizures Spasticity and palsy Severe impaired vision Hydrocephalus or microcephalus Deafness
Toxoplasmosis (only 10% normal)
Treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine x ~ 1year
Hepatomegaly Skeletal abnormalities BWt < 2500 grams Bullous skin lesions Hyperbilirubinemia Pneumonia Splenomegaly Severe anemia, hydrops, edema Snuffles
Congenital syphilis
Treatment of congenital syphilis
PCN G x 10 days
Pastia’s lines
Scarlet Fever
Circumoral pallor
Scarlet Fever
