renal

Question 1

which drugs are safe to continue in AKI

Answer 1

paracetamol
warfarin 
staitns 
asprin 
clopidogrel 
B blockers

Question 2

which drugs should be stopped in AKI

Answer 2

NSAIDS
ARB/ACEI
diuretics
aminoglycosides

Question 3

what type of electrolyte disturbance is seen in cushings disease

Answer 3

hypokalaemia

Question 4

what does angiotensin II do

Answer 4

stimulates ADH release
stimulates thirst via hypothalmamus
vasoconstriction of vacualr smooth muscle leading to increase BP and vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole of the glomerulus

Question 5

what is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

IgA nephropahty

Question 6

what do patients with IgA nephropathy present with

Answer 6

macroscopic or microscopic haematuria, occasionally nephritic syndrome

Question 7

what does a renal biopsy in IgA nephropathy show

Answer 7

mesangial proliferation, immunofluresence shows deposition of IgA and C3

Question 8

how is IgA nephropathy treated

Answer 8

bp control with ACEI

Question 9

what is IgA nephropathy closely associated with

Answer 9

HSP

Question 10

red cell casts

Answer 10

glomerulonephritis and renal ischaemia and infarction

Question 11

white cell casts

Answer 11

acute pyelonephritis and interstitial nephritis

Question 12

fatty casts

Answer 12

nephrotic syndrome

Question 13

epithelial casts

Answer 13

acute tubular necrosis