dermatology

Question 1

mutations in what are associated with BCC development

Answer 1

PTCHI

Question 2

melanoma associated with a defect in what pathway

Answer 2

Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling pathway

Question 3

familial melanoma associated with what genes

Answer 3

CDKN2A and CDK4

Question 4

what do IBD have an increased risk of

Answer 4

UC has a 23% increased risk of malignant melanoma

Crohs disease has a 80% increased risk of malignant melanoma

Question 5

what do organ transplant patients have an increased risk of

Answer 5

increased risk of skin cancer in particular SCC

Question 6

what does UVB cause

Answer 6

Direct DNA damage

Question 7

how is UVB repaired

Answer 7

repaired by nucleotide excision repair

Question 8

how is UVA repaired

Answer 8

base excision repair

Question 9

what do lympatics do

Answer 9

immune surveillance

Question 10

what do Meissners corpuscles do

Answer 10

vibration sensation

Question 11

what do Pancinian corpuscles do

Answer 11

pressure sensation

Question 12

what do sebaceous glands do

Answer 12

maintain skin barrier

Question 13

indolent boils which rapidly expand, break down and leave large, ulcerated painful areas

Answer 13

pyoderma gangrenosum

Question 14

treatement of pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer 14

systemic steroids at a moderately high dose eg 60mg which are gradually reduced as the lesions heal
non adherent dressings will encourage wound healing

Question 15

lupus pernio is a cutaneous feature of what disease

Answer 15

sarcoidosis

Question 16

blue-red nodular lesions which may present of the nose hands and feet

Answer 16

lupus pernio-feature of sarcoidosis

Question 17

tuberous sclerosis inheritance pattern

Answer 17

autosomal dominant

Question 18

hyperkeratotic, ulcerated, expanding nodules with everted edge

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 19

slow growin, initially present as reddish coloured, domed, pearly nodules with translucent surface and visible dilated surface capillaries

Answer 19

basal cell carcinoma

Question 20

how does a rolled edge form in a BCC

Answer 20

as the lesion expands, central areas tend to ulcerate leaving a rolled edge

Question 21

punched out appearance, well demarcated ulcer occurring at pressure points of the foot, coupled with history of pain and PVD
surrounding skin shiny, erythematous and hairless

Answer 21

arterial ulcer

Question 22

most common type of cutaneous lymphoma

Answer 22

originates from T lymphocytes, most common is mycosis fungoides which may present as pruritic cutaneous plaques that look like psoriasis

Question 23

what virus causes molluscum contagiosum

Answer 23

pox virus

Question 24

what is a nodule

Answer 24

mass or lump>0.5cm in diameter

Question 25

what is erythema multiforme

Answer 25

an erythematous blister disorder characterised by annular, target lesions which may develop into frank blisters
severe form of erythema multiforme is stevens johnsons syndrome

Question 26

what drugs can cause erythema mutliforme

Answer 26

penicillins. sulphonamides, co-tromazole and salicyclates

Question 27

what type of molecules are glucocorticoids

Answer 27

lipophilic molecules

Question 28

what are ointments better for

Answer 28

v dry or hyperkeratotic areas

Question 29

Langerhans cells have what origin

Answer 29

mesenchymal origin

Question 30

what are some acquired diseases of the DEJ

Answer 30

pemphigus, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 31

basal cell papilloma has what other name

Answer 31

seborrheic keratosis

Question 32

where are Langerhans cells found

Answer 32

in the prickle cell layer

Question 33

where are merkel cells found

Answer 33

between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

Question 34

epidermis arises from what embryologically

Answer 34

ectoderm

Question 35

dermis arises from what embryologically

Answer 35

mesoderm

Question 36

lamellar bodies are also called what

Answer 36

odland bodies

Question 37

where are odland bodies/lamellar bodies found

Answer 37

in the granular layer

Question 38

skin type is classified by what

Answer 38

Fitzpatrick classification

Question 39

what is myositis osificans

Answer 39

heterotropic ossification (bone forming outside the normal skeleton)