random 2 Flashcards
what are the three parts of the deltoid muscle
posterior middle (acromial) and anterior (clavicular)
what do the posterior deltoid muscles do
extension at shoulder
what do middle deltoid muscles do
ABduction at shoulder (taking over from supraspinatus)
what do anterior deltoid muscles do
mainly flexion at the shoulder
what are the three parts of the trapezius muscles
ascending, middle and descending parts of trapezius
what do ascending trapezius muscles do
scapular depression
middle trapezius function
scapula retraction
descending trapezius muscles
elevation of scapula
what do ascending and descending parts of the trapezius do
contract together to produce superior rotation of glenoid fossa
what does the levator scapulae do
elevation of the scapula and inferior rotation of glenoid fossa
what are the trapezius msucles innervated by
spinal accessory nerve
what do rhomboids do
retraction of scapula and inferior rotation of glenoid fossa
what does teres major do
ADDuction and medial/internal rotation at shoulder
where is the most common part to fracture in the clavicle
between medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3
what is the appearance in a typical clavicle fracture and why
lateral end is displaced inferiorly by the weight of the arm and medially by pectorialis major
medial end is displaced superiorly by the sternocleidomastoid muscle
what does the pectoral girdle allow
articulation of the upper limb with the appendicular skeleton via glenohumeral, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
what helps to strengthen the shoulder joints
distal tendon attachments of the rotator cuff muscles
where does the buccinators lie in relation to the masseter
the buccinators lie deep to the masseter
what are the types of polymorph cells
polymorphs are an abbreviation of polymorophonuclear leukocytes or PMNs which are a family of white blood cells, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
what type of cells are lymphocytes
white blood cells that include natural killer cells which function in cell mediated cytotoxic immunity, NK cells, B cells and T cells
what ype of shunting causes cyanosis
right to left as this means that it is by passing the lungs so it isn’t becoming oxygenated and hence cyanosis
is VSD cyanotic
no VSD is acyanotic
which murmurs are cyanotic
5Ts Truncus arteriosus Transposition of the great vessles Tricuspid atresia Tetralogy of fallot TAPVC
what are the features of tetralogy of fallot
VSD
pulmonary stenosis
an overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
