Renal

Question 1

Hodgkin lymphoma with oedema and proteinuria

Answer 1

Minimal change disease

Question 2

Oedema and proteinuria in HIV patient

Answer 2

FSGS

Question 3

Aniline dyes / rubber

Answer 3

Bladder cancer

Question 4

Smoking and painless haematuria

Answer 4

Bladder cancer

Question 5

Kidney failure with a family history of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 5

PCKD (Berry aneurysms)

Question 6

Linear staining IgG on direct immunofluorescence

Answer 6

Goodpasture’s

Question 7

Nasal polyps with haemoptysis

Answer 7

Churg Strauss

Question 8

Pulmonary nodules and haemoptysis

Answer 8

Wegener’s

Question 9

Transitional zone hyperplasia

Answer 9

BPH

Question 10

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules

Answer 10

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 11

Solid organ cancers with nephrotic syndrome

Answer 11

Membranous GN

Question 12

No change on LM and effacement of foot processes

Answer 12

Minimal change disease

Question 13

Mesangial expansion and granular IgA in mesangium

Answer 13

IgA nephropathy

Question 14

pANCA

Answer 14

Churg-Strauss or microscopic polyangiitis

Question 15

Asthma-like symptoms and haematuria

Answer 15

Churg-Strauss

Question 16

cANCA

Answer 16

Wegener’s or microscopic polyangiitis

Question 17

Tram tracking

Answer 17

Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) GN

Question 18

Apple green birefringence on congo red stain

Answer 18

Amyloidosis

Question 19

Anti streptolysin O titre

Answer 19

Post-infectious GN

Question 20

AV nipping

Answer 20

Stage II hypertensive retinopathy

Question 21

Flash pulmonary oedema

Answer 21

Renal artery stenosis

Question 22

Peripheral zone of prostate

Answer 22

Prostate cancer

Question 23

Subendothelial deposits

Answer 23

Lupus nephritis

Question 24

Cannonball metastases

Answer 24

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 25

Congenital condition with nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss and cataracts

Answer 25

Alport syndrome

Question 26

Starry sky appearance

Answer 26

Post-infectious glomerulonpheritis

Question 27

Staghorn calculi

Answer 27

Proteus (struvite)

Question 28

Wire loop glomeruli

Answer 28

Lupus nephritis

Question 29

Muddy brown granular casts (renal tubular epithelial cell casts)

Answer 29

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 30

Hyaline casts (2 causes)

Answer 30

Acute renal failure, strenuous exercise

Question 31

Diabetic man with fever, pericardial rub and renal failure

Answer 31

Oxalosis

Question 32

African river + renal impairment

Answer 32

Schistomiasis

Question 33

Cancer associated with schistomatosis

Answer 33

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Question 34

Large kidney lump in a wasted child

Answer 34

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumour)

Question 35

Clear cell

Answer 35

RCC

Question 36

Canoeist with haemolysis + renal failure

Answer 36

Leptospirosis

Question 37

Most common type of bladder cancer

Answer 37

Transitional cell

Question 38

Recurrent spontaneously resolving nephritic syndrome

Answer 38

IgA nephropathy

Question 39

Bilaterally ballotable kidneys

Answer 39

PCKD

Question 40

Diabetes + hypertension: appearance of kidneys at autsopy

Answer 40

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Question 41

Proliferating macrophages compressing glomerulus

Answer 41

Crescentic GN

Question 42

DRUG: treats detrusor instability (from BPH)

Answer 42

Oxybutynin (anticholinergic)

Question 43

DRUG: fluid overload in CRF

Answer 43

Loop diuretic

Question 44

DRUG SE: urinary retention

Answer 44

Anticholinergics (e.g. oxybutynin)