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Buzzword city > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pulsatile, expansile mass

A

AAA

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2
Q

Jerky pulse

A

HOCM or MR

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3
Q

Aschoff nodules

A

Rheumatic fever

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4
Q

Delta waves

A

WPW syndrome

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5
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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6
Q

Cannon ‘a’ waves

A

Complete heart block

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7
Q

S1Q3T3

A

Pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

Corrigan’s sign

A

Aortic regurgitation (Collapsing carotid pulse)

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9
Q

Pansystolic murmur radiating to the axilla

A

Mitral regurgitation

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10
Q

De Musset’s sign

A

Aortic regurgitation (Nodding of the head in time with systolic pulse)

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11
Q

Early diastolic murmur heard at the left sternal edge

A

Aortic regurgitation

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12
Q

Quincke’s sign

A

Aortic regurgitation (Pulsation of capillary bed in the nail)

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13
Q

Water hammer pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

Roth spots

A

Infective endocarditis

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15
Q

Traube’s sign

A

Aortic regurgitation (Femoral pistol shot)

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16
Q

Global saddle ST elevation and PR depression

A

Pericarditis

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17
Q

Large ‘v’ waves and pansystolic murmur

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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18
Q

Harsh pansystolic murmur over the lower left sternal edge and left parasternal heave

A

Ventricular septal defect

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19
Q

Globular heart shape or water bottle heart

A

Pericarditis

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20
Q

Ejection systolic murmur with fixed splitting of S2

A

Atrial septal defect

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21
Q

Ejection systolic murmur radiating to the carotids

A

Aortic stenosis

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22
Q

JVP increase on inspiration / Kussmaul sign

A

Constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion or tamponade

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23
Q

Ejection systolic murmur with family history

A

HOCM

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24
Q

Hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnasaemia OR sotalol and erythromycin can cause…

A

Long QT syndrome

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25
Q

Beck’s triad

A

Tamponade (Blood pressure low, elevated JVP, cardiac sounds muffled)

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26
Q

Prominent “x” and “y” descents

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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27
Q

Young female with palpitations

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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28
Q

Ejection systolic murmur louder on Valsalva manoeuvre

A

HOCM

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29
Q

Female with eating disorder with palpitations

A

Torsades (due to hypokalaemia)

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30
Q

Fever, SOB and chest pain a few weeks post MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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31
Q

Tall R waves in V1/V2, ST depression in V1-3

A

Posterior MI

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32
Q

Elderly man with palpitations, syncope and bradycardia

A

Sick sinus syndrome

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33
Q

Widespread peaked T waves with PR prolongation

A

Hyperkalaemia

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34
Q

Persistent ST elevation 6 weeks post-MI with deep Q waves

A

Ventricular aneurysm

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35
Q

Young male with ruptured mitral valve

A

Myxoid valve disease (MVP)

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36
Q

Pallor, mitral insufficiency, haematuria and splenomegaly

A

Infective endocarditis

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37
Q

Double shadow right heart border, prominent left atrial appendage and left main bronchus elevation

A

Mitral stenosis

38
Q

Strep pyogenes, diastolic rumble

A

Mitral stenosis (most common valve affected by rheumatic heart disease)

39
Q

Loud P2

A

Pulmonary hypertension

40
Q

S3 heart sound

A

Volume overload (heart failure, APO)

41
Q

S4 heart sound

A

Pressure overload (hypertension) or normal

42
Q

Anacrotic (slow-rising) pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

43
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Left ventricular failure

44
Q

Elevated JVP with absent pulsation

A

SVC obstruction

45
Q

Large ‘a’ waves and slow ‘y’ descent on JVP. Patient has ascites

A

Tricuspid stenosis

46
Q

Cause of hypertension in a smoker with PVD

A

Renal artery stenosis

47
Q

Recurrent collapse, delayed presentation

A

Complete heart block

48
Q

Alcoholism + displaced apex beat

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy causing mitral regurgitation

49
Q

Narrow complex tachycardia 150bpm

A

Atrial flutter with 2:1 block

50
Q

Initial investigation for APO

A

ECG (rule out AMI as a cause)

51
Q

Test to diagnose RHD

A

Antistreptolysin O antibody

52
Q

Duroziez’s sign

A

Aortic insufficiency (femoral bruit when occluding the femoral artery distally)

53
Q

Investigation for best prognostic information in CCF

54
Q

Prominent U waves

A

Hypokalaemia

55
Q

Widened QRS complex

A

Hyperkalaemia

56
Q

SVT not corrected by vasovagal manouevres or adenosine

A

Atrial tachycardia

57
Q

Tapping, undisplaced apex beat

A

Mitral stenosis

58
Q

Treatment of AF >48h

A

Digoxin + warfarin for 1 month then cardioversion

59
Q

DRUG SE: diabetic drug exacerbating heart failure

A

Pioglitazone

60
Q

DRUG: treatment/prophylaxis of VT

A

IV amiodarone

61
Q

DRUG: aids diagnosis in regular narrow-complex tachycardia

A

IV adenosine (differentiates SVT from afib with rapid ventricular response)

62
Q

DRUG: prophylaxis against torsades

A

IV magnesium + ventricular pacing

63
Q

DRUG: treats hypertensive crisis

64
Q

DRUG: treats severe symptomatic sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine (inhibits vagal tone of the heart)

65
Q

DRUG SE: pulmonary fibrosis

A

Amiodarone

66
Q

DRUG SE: gum hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine

67
Q

DRUG SE: hypertrichosis

68
Q

DRUG SE: SLE-like syndrome

A

Hydralazine

69
Q

DRUG SE: confusion and tremor in elderly patient

70
Q

DRUG SE: lipid disturbance

A

Beta blocker

71
Q

DRUG SE: first line for HOCM

A

Beta blocker

72
Q

DRUG SE: exercise intolerance

A

Beta blocker

73
Q

DRUG SE: gynaecomastia

A

Spironolactone

74
Q

DRUG SE: GORD

A

Calcium channel blocker

75
Q

DRUG SE: hypo/hyperthyroidism

A

Amiodarone

76
Q

DRUG: highest mortality benefit in acute coronary syndrome

77
Q

DRUG: highest mortality benefit in heart failure (3)

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Spironolactone
78
Q

DRUG: first line for angina to prevent symptoms

A

Beta blocker If contraindicated, use centrally acting calcium channel blocker

79
Q

DRUG SE: vivid dreams/hallucinations

80
Q

DRUG SE: reverse tick on ECG

81
Q

DRUG SE: hyperkalaemia (3)

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. Spironolactone
  3. Digoxin
82
Q

DRUG SE: erectile dysfunction

A

Beta blocker

83
Q

DRUG SE: headache

84
Q

DRUG SE: constipation

A

Calcium channel blocker (e.g. verapamil)

85
Q

DRUG SE: reflex tachycardia

A

Dihydropyridine (peripheral) calcium channel blocker

86
Q

DRUG SE: yellow vision + hyperkalaemia

87
Q

DRUG SE: photosensitive rash

A

Amiodarone

88
Q

DRUG: treatment of unstable angina in a patient awaiting coronary stent

89
Q

DRUG SE: acute tubular necrosis

A

Statin

Also aminoglycosides and cytotoxic drugs

90
Q

Ejection systolic murmur + menorrhagia

A

Flow murmur

91
Q

Low HDL in a muscular male

A

Dyslipidaemia secondary to abuse of anabolic steroids

92
Q

Swollen, uncomfortable legs and distended veins on the abdomen post-partum

A

Iliac vein thrombosis

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