Renal

Question 1

Features of CKD

Answer 1

• Raised K
• Low phos
• Low bicarb
• Vit D def

Question 2

Most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Answer 2

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 3

What are some features of Nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 3

• Proteinuria
• Oedema
• Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 4

What are nephrotic and nephrotic syndromes?

Answer 4

Groups of symptoms that occur when kidneys are damages and lose their ability to function properly.

Question 5

Features of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

• Haematuria
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidaemia
• Hypoalbuminaemia
• Oedema

Question 6

Post strep glomerulonephritis v Ig A nephropathy (Bergers)

Answer 6

Post-strep
- WEEKS post strep

IgA nephropathy
- DAYS post resp/GI infx
- Raised IgA on electrophoresis

Question 7

Haemodialysis indicators in AKI

Answer 7

• Acidosis
• Refractory hyperkalaemia
• Refractory pulmonary oedema
• Uraemic complx (e.g., encephalopathy pericarditis)

Question 8

Cause of AKI if background sepsis and hypoptension

Answer 8

Pre-renal

Question 9

Hydronephrosis Mx

Answer 9

Nephrostomy

Question 10

Nephrotic syndrome further Ix

Answer 10

Renal biopsy

Question 11

What should be given to CKD pt before a contrast scan?

Answer 11

IV 0.9% NaCl

Question 12

What should we rule out for pt with PMHx autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who experiences sudden severe headache?

Answer 12

SAH … so we do a LP

Question 13

Features of renal ca

Answer 13

• Loin pain
• Weight loss
• Low Hb
• Haematuria

Question 14

AKI Mx

Answer 14

1. Fluids
   Aim SBP >100 / UO>0.5mL/kg/h
2. Consider SEPSIS
3. Stop nephrotoxins

Question 15

Ix for hydronephrosis

Answer 15

USS

Question 16

Analgesia for acute renal colic

Answer 16

NSAID, .e.g, diclofenac

Question 17

Drug for reducing urinary protein

Answer 17

Ace I

Question 18

eGFR of what is CI for contrast in imaging

Answer 18

<30

Question 19

Most common glomerulonephritis in children

Answer 19

Minimal change

Question 20

Overall mx for glomerulonephritis & glomerulonephrosis

Answer 20

steroids
EXCEPT in post strep: conservative

Question 21

Anti GBM

Answer 21

goodpasture’s

Question 22

Which nephrotic/nephritic syndrome is associated w Hep C?

Answer 22

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 23

AKI stage 1-3

Answer 23

Stage 1: serum creat 1.5-1.9x baseline
Stage 2: serum creat 2- 2.9x baseline
Stage 3: serum creat >3x baseline // anuria >12h

Question 24

AKI mx

Answer 24

• Stop nephrotoxic drugs
• IV NaCl if pre-renal cause
• Fluid balance chart + catheter
• Regularly monitoring U&Es
  ^ adress any electrolyte imbalances

Question 25

CKD classification stages

Answer 25

Stage 1: eGFR >90
Stage 2: eGFR 60-89
Stage 3: eGFR 30-60
Stage 4: eGFR 15-29
Stage 5: eGFR <15

Question 26

Pt took NSAIDs + proteinuria + haematuria ± eosinophilia

Answer 26

Acute interstitial nephritis