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Year 6 Written > Haem > Flashcards

Haem Flashcards

1
Q

Anaemia + painless jaundice

A

Haemolytic anaemia

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2
Q

Features of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (triad)

A
  1. MAHA
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Renal impairment
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3
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency features

A
  • Symmetric paraesthesia/numbness
  • Gait problems
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4
Q

IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura) features

A
  • Purpuric rash
  • Raised ESR
  • joint and abdo pain
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5
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation features

A
  • Thrombocytopaenia
  • Prolonged PT and aPTT
  • Low plasma fibrinogen
  • Elevated plasma D-dimer
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6
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia blood film

A

Increased lymphocytes with sparse cytoplasm

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7
Q

ALL v CLL features

A

ALL more common in children + YA, and more syx - fatigue/fever/bleeding.

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8
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma features

A
  • Painless lymphadenopathy, often in neck/ supraclavicular region (may be painful when drinking alc)
  • Lymph nodes may feel rubbery/moveable
  • Lymph nodes spread to adjacent ones
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9
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma features

A
  • Lymphadenopathy may be painless
  • Lymph nodes feel firm and fixed
  • May spread in non-contiguous pattern
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10
Q

HL v NHL blood films

A
  • HL: Reed- sternberg cells; large, atypical cells w multiple nuclei surrounded by inflamm infiltrate
  • NHL: may show variety of different lymphoid cells
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11
Q

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presentation

A
  • Over weeks-months
  • Petechial rash
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Anaemia/fatigue
  • CHild
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12
Q

Causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency

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13
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia

A

IDA

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14
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma mx

A

Chemotherapy

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15
Q

Initial ix for MM

A

Urine and serum protein electrophoresis

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16
Q

Sickle cell pt with pain ++ Mx

A

IV morphine

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17
Q

Myelofibrosis and features

A

Blood ca where bone’s ability to make blood cells affected
- Pancytopaenia
- Splenomegaly
-Purpura

18
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia (<80)

A

IDA
THalassaemia

19
Q

Normocytic anaemia (80-100)

A

Anaemia chronic disease
CKD

20
Q

Macrocytic anaemia (>100)

A

Megaloblastic
- B12
- Folate
Non-megaloblastic
- Alcohol

21
Q

IDA & >= 60

A

2WW colonoscopy

22
Q

IDA >=50-59 + rectal bleeding

A

2 WW colonscopy

23
Q

IDA >=50-59 + no rectal bleeding

A

Faecal occult test

24
Q

IDA >=40-49 + B syx + rectal bleed

A

2 WW colonoscopy

25
Q

Microcytic anaemia + disproportionately low MCV

A

thalassaemia

26
Q

Normocytic anaemia + reduced renal function

A

CKD related anaemia

27
Q

Macrocytic anaemia + mixed upper/lower signs

A

B12 deficiency

28
Q

HSP mx

A

Analgesia ± steroids

29
Q

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura features

A
  • purpuric rash legs and buttocks ± oral mucosa
  • reduced platelets
30
Q

ITP mx

A

Steroids ± IVIg

31
Q

Acute presentation bruises over limbs + DIC

A

acute promyelocytic leukaemia

32
Q

Which translocation is associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia?

A

t(15; 17) PML-RARA

33
Q

Which haem ca associated w philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)

A

CML

34
Q

CML first line mx

A

Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhib)
- if no response -> stem cell transplant

35
Q

Auer rods haem ca

A

AML

36
Q

Haemophilia first line Ix

A

Factor XIII assay level

37
Q

severe, life-threatening bleeding haemophilia A mx

A

Factor VIII

38
Q

Most common presentation haemophilia

A

haemarthrosis

39
Q

Mx of acute SCD

A
  • IV Morphine
  • IV fluids
  • High flow O2
    ± blood transfusion
    ±abx
40
Q

SCD complications

A
  • Acute chest syndrome (vaso-occlusion within the pulmonary vasculature of patients with sickle cell disease)
  • Acute splenic sequestration (acute drop Hb and splenomegaly ->
    Repeated sickling in the spleen causes scarring, making the spleen not work very well)
  • Cerebrovascular disease/stroke

Year 6 Written (26 decks)

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