GI Flashcards
What is achalasia?
Neurological disorder of  gastrointestinal tract due to failure of lower oesophageal sphincter to relax
Features of sigmoid diverticulitis
- change in bowel habit
- LIF pain
- features infx
- +/- blood mixed into stool
Features of UC
- Bloody diarrhoea
- Eye syx
Norovirus features
- ~48h D+V from one another
- Often when people live/work close proximity
- Not necessary to have shared food
Norovirus Ix
Stool for viral PCR
Features of Crohn’s
- Non caseating granulomata
- Transmural inflammation
- Mouth to anus
- Skip lesions
What vaccination do pts with coeliac need
Pneumococcal (due to hyposplenism)
Causes of SBO
- Adhesions
- Hernias
- Tumours
What is chronic mesenteric ischaemia/angina and how does it present?
Narrowing of superior mesenteric artery - inadequate blood flow to intestines.
- Pain OE, I.e., cramping soon after eating
- Weight loss
- N+V
Oesophageal rupture/ Boerhaave’s syndrome features
- Vomiting and severe chest pain after eating large meal
- Hypotensive
- Tachypnoeic
Duodenal ulcer features
- Epigastric pain, radiating to back
- Better after eating
- Worse at night
- Worse when stressed
Paralytic ileus v bowel obstruction
PI
- temporary paralysis or inhibition of normal contractions that propel food and liquid through GIT (functional, not physical)
- often post surg/caused by meds etc
- No bowel sounds
BO
- hard, physical blockage
- tinkling bowel sounds
Mesenteric adenitis
Inflammation of lymph nodes of the mesentery (tissue that attaches intestines to abdo wall)
Mesenteric adenitis and features
Inflamm of lymph nodes of mesentery often due to viral illness
- Abdo pain (+/- crampy)
- Fever, sore throat
- Swollen lymph nodes
Meckel’s diverticulum
Congenital abnormality where you have a pouch-like structure that protrudes from wall of small intestine
Blood supply to each part of GIT
-Coeliac trunk (or celiac trunk) supplies foregut
mouth to beginning of duodenum <gastroduoedenal>
- Superior mesenteric artery supplies midgut
mid duod to 2/3 transv colon
- Inferior mesenteric artery supplies hindgut
2/3 tansv colon to anus</gastroduoedenal>
Which electrolyte abnormality is associated with paralytic ileus?
hypo K
Haemorrhoids and features
(Piles) are swollen veins in rectum and anus
- Discomfort/pain (can be painless)
- Bleeding
- Internal/external
Anal fissures and features
Small tears in the skin or lining of anus
- Pain
- Bleeding
- Itching
Most common causes LBO
- Colorectal ca
- Diverticular stricture
- Volvulus
What is the most common type of polyp in the colon and anus?
Adenoma