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Year 6 Written > Additional content > Flashcards

Additional content Flashcards

1
Q

Light’s criteria

A

Used to differentiate between transudative and exudative pleural effusions.
- Pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio > 0.5
- Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio > 0.6
- Pleural fluid LDH level greater than two-thirds the upper limit of normal for serum LDH

^ if at least one is true, pleural effusion considered exudative –> underlying path process, e.g., infections, malignancy, PE; if none, then more likely something like HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

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2
Q

Pseudomonas aeurginosa cellulitis abx

A

Meropenem/ceftazidime/cipro/gentamicin/tazocin

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3
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis mx

A

Surgical debridement + abx

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4
Q

Radial nerve movement

A

wrist and finger extension

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5
Q

What is this?

A

pityriasis rosea

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6
Q

Pityriasis rosea features

A

Oval patch of scaly skin followed by widespread rash of smaller scaly patches, sometimes itchy.
Usually gets better on own within 12 weeks. Syx can be trx w moisturising creams, steroid creams and antihistamines.

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7
Q

Opioid withdrawal mx

A

Methadone

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8
Q

dilated pupils and abdominal pain, sweaty

A

Opioid withdrawal

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9
Q

Hip # physical exam finding

A

Leg shortened + int rotated

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10
Q

What # is this and mx

A

Bennett’s
No displacement: closed reduction -> thumb spica
Displacement: K wires

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11
Q

What is this and mx

A

Pseudo bennett’s
Immobilisation + sling

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12
Q

Leukaemia ix to confirm dx

A

Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry

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13
Q

Mumps mx

A

supportive care

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14
Q

Campylobacter jejuni mx

A

Azithromycin

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15
Q

myalgia, supraclavicular lymph nodes, jaundice, and oral ulcers in a patient who traveled to South Africa

A

HIV

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16
Q

Chemo N+V mx

A

ondansetron

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17
Q

Raised ICP N+V mx

A

cyclizine

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18
Q

Bitemporal superior quadrantonopia

A

Pituitary tumour rupture/haemorrhage

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19
Q

Median n distr of hand

A

palm side - thumb, INDEX, MIDDLE finger and that half of palm

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20
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

tingling or “pins and needles” feeling you get when your healthcare provider taps your skin over a nerve

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21
Q

thenar wasting

A

chronic median N compression

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22
Q

Patient has had surgery, has pain on passive straight leg raise

A

Compartment syndrome

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23
Q

hip # - which n at danger?

A

Sciatic n

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24
Q

Pemphigoid v pemphigus

A

Bullous pemphigoid
- OLD people
- blisters tense, firm
- not usually oral

Pemphigus vulgaris
- middle aged
- blisters rupture easy
- oral lesions common

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25
Q

Most common type of bladder ca

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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26
Q

Lung ca + facial flushing

A

Carcinoid syndrome - release of 5HT

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27
Q

Apache II

A

ICU mortality prediction score

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28
Q

Intermittent nippol bleeding

A

Duct papilloma

29
Q

Digitorum profundus tendons

A

Flex DIPJ of all fingers (excl thumb)

30
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flex PIPJ of all fingers (excl thumb)

31
Q

Extensor digitorum communis

A

Extend all fingers (excl thumb)
*Extensor digiti minimi helps w pinky
*Extensor indiis proprius helps w index

32
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Bends thumb

33
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends thumb at IPJ

34
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends thumb at MCPJ

35
Q

Achilis tendon rupture ix

A

USS

36
Q

visuospatial problems

A

Parietal lobe

37
Q

Delirium mx

A

Lorazepam

38
Q

Gram negative diplococcus causes an STI

A

Gonorrhoea

39
Q

ASA (American society of anaesthesiologists) mortality scale

A

1 - healthy
2 - mild systemic disease w no functional limitation
3 - severe systemic disease w functional limitation
4 - severe systemic disease - constant threat to life
5 - pt unlikely to survive 24h ± op

40
Q

Man in office had episodes of smelling something funny and then went into a daze or a ‘trance like state’. No headache.

A

Idiopathic epilepsy

41
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome

A

Acute continuous vertigo due to posterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke
- Horner syndrome
- Ptosis
- Slurred speech
- VERTIGO

42
Q

Pt with PKD most likely kind of head bleed

A

SAH

43
Q

Ank spond flare

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. Biologic (e.g., infliximab)
  3. DMARD
44
Q

Angina mx (chronic and stable)

A
  1. Beta blocker or Ca channel blocker
    • on Isosorbide mononitrate
45
Q

Tongue deviation - where is lesion?

A

Same side on hypoglossal nerve

46
Q

Long incubation period for GI infx

A

Giardia and amoebiasis
- Giardiasis diarrhoea more watery and foul smelling + bloating + gas
- Amoebiasis blood and mucus ± fever/chills/abdo tenderness

47
Q

months fever + RIF + diarrhoea ±bloody

A

diverticulitis

48
Q

Lump on neck that moves with swallowing/lifting tongue

A

thyroglossal cyst

49
Q

Otitis media common causative agent

A

Strep pneumoniae

50
Q

Anuria + ureteric dilatation ix

A

Ureteroscopy

51
Q

DMARD that causes retinopathy

A

hydroxchloroquine

52
Q

DMARD that causes azoospermia and bone marrow suppression

A

sulfasalazine

53
Q

darkened red reflex and problems with night vision

A

cataracts

54
Q

Toxoplasmosis v lymphoma CT

A

Toxo: multiple lesions

Lymphoma:
single lesion + crosses corpus callosum

55
Q

Head of pancreas ca mx (w/ invasion)

A

Resectable: Whipple to remove tumour + involved vessels
Unresectable: chemo

56
Q

2.5cm firm breast lump not tethered to skin and no skin changes

A

ductal carcinoma

57
Q

PBC histology

A

inflam/destr small bile ducts & hepatocytes

58
Q

Meniere’s

A
  • sudden vertigo
  • sensorineural hearing loss (can fluctuate)
  • tinnitus
59
Q

Osteosclerosis

A
  • gradual hearing loss (!conductive)
60
Q

Commonest cause of corneal ulceration

A

HSV

61
Q

Painful vesicular derm lesion on one side of face around forehead, eye and cheek.

A

VZV

62
Q

No bicep reflex, hand held in

A

Erb’s palsy - upper brachial plexus

63
Q

facial n palsy

A

pred up to 72h

64
Q

Felty’s syndrome

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and a decreased white blood cell count (neutropenia)

65
Q

Young adult has come from Africa 2 weeks ago. He has fever night sweats, weight loss and a neck lump. What is the cause?

A

TB

66
Q

BPH mx

A

1st line: alpha blocker, e.g., tamsulosin
2nd line: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, e.g., finasteride

67
Q

THyroid - calcitonin

A

medullary

68
Q

Warm HA v cold HA

A

Warm
- IgG ab +ve
Cold
- IgGab -ve

Year 6 Written (26 decks)

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