Renal

Question 1

Renal structures

Answer 1

kidney
Calyx
Renal pelivs
Ureters
Urinary bladder 
Urethra

Question 2

Important renal function

Answer 2

Remove waste from blood and regulate blood bol(BP)
Renal corpuscle=filter blood
Tubules=filter travel here
-recover ion/H2O
  :change osmo.
  :conc. Urine

Question 3

Kidney organ: Capsule–> renal papilla

Answer 3

Capsule
Cortex
Medullan

Question 4

Capsule

Answer 4

Cover cortex 
Not serosa/adventitia 
Outter layer=dense CT (humans)
Inner layer=collagen 
-myoepithlium cell=all for little contraction when in needn

Question 5

Medulla

Answer 5

Archeite BV=leg BV b/w medulla/cortex junction junction
Medullar rays= start at cortex and end in medulla
-ie lobe
Projection ion=papilla causing creates open (ie minor caylex)

Question 6

Cortex

Answer 6

Renal corpuscle=glomurulous

Question 7

Fluid flow

Answer 7

Glom/glom. Memb.
PCT
PST
LOH
DST
DCT
Collecting tube 
Duct of berline

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

Initial filtrate
-across memb.
- kidney produce 125ml/min. 
  :124 reabsorb.
  :1 ml. Produce 
Plasma in cap. Is exudate into urinary space 
Tuft cap. in renal corpuscle

Question 9

Renal corpuscle

Answer 9

Glomerulus(cap.) and bowman’s capsule (parietal epith.=simple Sq. w/ podocyte step. urinary space)
Other structures
-vascular cap.=aff./eff. Arteriole
-macula densa/JG cell=erg. Cells
-mesangial(w/in glom.) and extraglom. mesangial cells(Lasix/outside glom.)=supporting cell
-podocyte=surrounding cap.
-visceral layer bowmans cap.

Question 10

Glom. Memb.

Answer 10

Across memb.=filtration 
Reg. plasma move into urinary space 
Structures 
-endoth. (cytop)
-fenestration
-basal lamina=from podocyte and endoth. 
-pedicles=podocyte foot process 
  :b/w filtration slit 
-podocyte=wraparound cap
  :from BC visceral layer 
  :primary-->secondary-->pedicle(interdegitate each other)

Question 11

Across glom memb.

Answer 11

~ to plasma w/ ion conc. And w/o macromolec.
No prot. >70kda to pass (albumin)
A lot of proteoglycan has neg. =restricts movement of positive

Question 12

Fluid flow that is conc.

Answer 12

PCT
PST
LOH
DST
DCT
Collecting duct
Duct of berlin

Question 13

PCT

Answer 13

Incre. Mitoch/microvilli for active transport for ion transportation 
Histology 
-simp. Cuboidal 
-visible BB/ not clean boarders 
-incr. eosin b/c mitoch.

Question 14

PST

Answer 14

Na/organic acid

Question 15

LOH

Answer 15

Ion recovery/excrete H2O
Structure 
-Thin descending=excrete H2O/influx ion 
-Thin ascending=excrete ion 
-thick ascending=ion efflux

Question 16

DST

Answer 16

ATP=K/Na

H/bicarb.

Question 17

DCT

Answer 17

Excrete H2O
Reg. blood from renal cap. 
Histo.
-simp. Cubo. 
-decre. eosin b/c decre. mitoch./BB

Question 18

Collecting duct

Answer 18

W/ in cortex and medulla

-ie medullary rays

Question 19

Duct of berlin

Answer 19

Medullary duct
In the area of cabrosa
Lrg duct

Question 20

BP reg. By

Answer 20

Elevate arteriole P by incre. eff. P

Decre. arteriole P by decre. Aff. P

Question 21

Inctre. Afferent arteriole P

Answer 21

Incre. Eff. P=incre. Cap.=incre. GFR
-change iconic conc. and decre. Na/Cl recovery
Macula densa detects an incre. Na/Cl
-release vasoactive to constrict aff. arteriole
-decre. GFR
-decre. Na/Cl

Question 22

Decre. Aff. arteriole P

Answer 22

\+ juxtaglom. cells =modified sm. Muscle 
-release renin (asparty protease) cleaves angiotensinogen form angiotensin I
Lung cap. ACE convert I-->amigo. II
Incre. BP stop renin release 
-temp not chronic

Question 23

Anigo.II

Answer 23

Vasoconstrict.= incre. BP
+ adrenal glands release aldosterone
-+ Na/H2O absorb.
-incre. Vol. /incre. P by sm. Muscle BV

Question 24

Urinary exit

Answer 24

Urine collected= area cribrosa
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

Question 25

Urine collection

Answer 25

From tubules= area cabrosa
Collecting tubules join=duct
Lrg. Duct enter renal papilla
Empty-->minor calyx 
-lined w/ urothelium 
-pore w/ lrg collecting duct minot calyx 
  :pore=ducts of Berlin

Question 26

Ureters

Answer 26

Muscle tubules lined with urothelium 
Urine drains from urothelium 
Info. 
-2
-exit renal pelvis (@hilum)
-enters bladder @oblique angle 
  :post surface 
  : Adv. Not urine back flow liq. Press on ureters 
  :orientation/seal tubes 
-wall
  :urothelium 
  :loose CT
  :muscularis (sm. Muscle)
    *inner longitudinal 
    *middle circular 
    *outer longitudinal/distal end 
  :adventitia

Question 27

Bladder

Answer 27

Muscle sac-like organ lined w/ urothelium 
Store urine in pelvis 
2 uretic orifices w/ 1 internal urethric orifices 
-posterior 
Wall
-urothelium 
-loose CT
-dense irreg. CT
-muscularis 
  :3 sm. Muscle layers 
  :irreg. Arrange 
-seroa/adventitia

Question 28

Urethra

Answer 28

Male
-terminal duct for urinary/reproductive 
-3 set. 
  :prostatic (bladder neck through prostate) 
  :memb.(to penis bulb)
  :spongy(penile)
    *glands in wall 
-epith.
  :urothelium(prostatic) 
  :psedostr. (memb.)
  :SSE(spongy)
Female 
-shorter than male 
-urothelium=SSE

Question 29

Urothelium

Answer 29

Ie: Transitional epith. 
Only in urinary tract 
Stretches=cells move pass each other during destention 
-few layers 
-umbrella cellmappear smaller/flatter