Liver and gall bladder Flashcards

1
Q

Liver produces and participates in?

A
Production 
-Bile=fat digestion 
-Blood plasma prot. 
-Clotting factors
Participation 
-carbo./prot. metabolism 
-detox(toxin/drugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Liver vasculature is similar to which organ?

A

Lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LIver vasculature-systemic and functional

A

Systemic=proper hepatic artery
-nut.
Functional=Portal vn
-from digestiv tract w/ sm. GIT to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which vn does the proper hepatic artery and portal vn go into

A

central vn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

liver vasculature order

A

hepatic arter and protain vn into central vn–>sublobular vn. –>collecting vn.–>hepatic vn. –>inf. vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glisson’s capsule

A

Thick dense CT
~ serosa
Covered by smp. sq. epith.
Lays over liver parenchyma which is held by reticular fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hepatocytes

A

Org. in plates surrounded by sinusoid
Epith/grandular cells
W/in parenchyma
Polyhedral cells=lateral borders connecting diff. hepatocytes(hexagon)
Zona occlusion=bile caniculi (tight junction)
Lrg. cell w/ eosinophil cytop.
-lrg nuc. w/ binuc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exocrin and endocrine of hepatocytes

A

Endocrine=secretes into blood

Exocrine=bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hepatocytes-mitochon.

A

A lot
Allows for metabolic activty
Perform gluconeogenic and urea production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hepatocytes-S/RER

A

SER=detox
-oxidation, methylation, conjug. B4 excretion
-toxin B4 secretion
RER=prot. production
-Synth. albumin (carrier prot.), lipoport/glycoprot. prot., prothrombin/fibrinogen(clot)
-Non immune alpha and beta globulin to maintain blood colloid P. and carrier prot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepatocyte-GA

A

Exocrine secretion of bile via bile caniculi

Endocrine=lipoprot. goes into SOD and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hepatocyte-peroxisomes

A

Brkdwn FA, purine
Detox of peroxide, alcohol
Gluconeogen b/c purine brkdwn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatocyte-lysosome

A

Iron storage/degradation of cytoplasmic organle

Might contain lipofuscin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endoth. cells line what structure

A

Space of dise and sinusoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kuphffer cell

A

Located in liver
MAC
ID by IHC w/ AntiBD
Dye(india ink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ito Cell

A
W/in liver cell
Persinsouid cell 
b/w sinusoid and hepatocytes 
Hepatic stellate cells 
Contain lipid droplet w/ vit. A
17
Q

Liver damage and ito cells

A

Called epith. mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Ito–>myofibroblast like cells and produce collagen
-causes fibroblast
Ito cells contract and incre. vascular R w/in sinusoid
-contrib. to portal HTN

18
Q

Space of disse

A

B/w hepatocyte (microvilli and ito cell) and endoth. (sinusoid/kuppffer cell)
B/w hepatocyte=blood for absorp. and secretion

19
Q

Is bilirubin soluble and what is it made up of?

A

Not soluble
RBC brken dwn in spleen
-Heme–>bilirubin

20
Q

Bilirubin travel to the liver

A

Bilirubin binds to albumin and travel through the blood to the liver
Goes to hepatic sinus–>SOD–>hepatocyte
-albumin goes back to the blood
Bilirubin then goes to SER and becomes cong. bilirubin
-Exocrine protal
-bile–>sm. intestine and excreted into fecal mater (cn remove toxin)

21
Q

Bile flow

A

Bile acid goes to bile canaliculi–>intralobular duct(low cell lumne)–>canal of hearing–>bile duct

22
Q

Bile acid

A

90% reabsorb into intestine to portal vn–>sinusoid–>caniculi
10% secreted
-w/ cholic acid synth. of cholesterol w/ glycine and taurine by SER
-goes to ball bladder
-emulsification of fat
:degradation via duodenum and lipase
:absorb by enterocyte

23
Q

Bile canaliculi

A

B/w hepatocyte borders
-hepatocyte has incre. microvilli to incre. SA for absorb.
Not always visible
Tight junction around canaliculi

24
Q

Caholangiocytes are found where

A

Canal of hearing

25
Type of epithelium in the bile duct
smp. cub./columnar
26
Sinusoid vs. bile canaculi
``` Sinusoid -discont. cap lined w/ endoth. and kuppfer cells -Goes to central vn. Bile Canaculi -lat. hepatocytes memb. -connected to canal of hearing ```
27
Portal of triad
Bile duct Portal Artery Portal vn.
28
Hepatic lobules
``` Classic lobule =flow to cental vn. -Cental vn. surrounded by multiple portal triads Portal lobule=bile flow -along hepatocyte plates to bile ducts -1 portal triad surrouned by 3 central vn. Liver acinus=O2/toxin exposure -Zone 3=closest to central vn. :most O2 and toxin :cn receive ischema/zonal necrosis -Zone 2=okay O2 and toxin -Zone 1=not enough of O2 and toxin :most susceptable to coag. necrosis b/c not enough not enough of O2 ```
29
Gall bladder flow of bile
Bile form in liver-->common hepatic duct-->cystic duct-->gall bladder -->cystic duct-->common bile duct -->pancreatic duct-->hepatopancreatic ampulla of vatter -->duod. -->anus
30
Gall bladder function
Store/conc. bile
31
Layers missing in the gall bladder
Submucosa and mucosa muscularis
32
Gall bladder layers
``` 3 Layers Mucosa -spec. simp. column epith. w/ microvilli -allow for H2O absorb. -LP=loose CT Muscularis externa -sm. muscle -respond to dietary fat -induce by sm. intestine enteroendocrine cell CCK horm. -contraction and bile goes through the common bile duct Adventitia -next to the liver ```
33
Pre-pathological change in the gall bladder?
Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinus
34
Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinus
``` Proliferation of gall bladder epith. Clefts extend dwn into LP -into the muscularis externa Form sinus through the muscularis externa Indicates exposure to P. ```
35
Form sinus throu