female reprod.

Question 1

ovary overview

Answer 1

Gamete produce in ovaries 
Fertilization @ oviduct 
-ova from ovaries-->uterus 
Implantation=uterus 
-muscular sac for fetus develop
Horm. control=criticl 
Cervix=space b/w uterus/vagina

Question 2

Oocyte release b/c of what?

Answer 2

Follicular fluid=incr vol/incre. P.
Plasmin proteolysis of follicular wall
GAG deposition
Sm muscle contraction in theca externa

Question 3

Oocyte release: what happens to follicle wall and BV b/c of relase

Answer 3

Damage
release=ovulation
-after ovulation wall folds into itself
find teca/granulosa cells

Question 4

After ovary release

Answer 4

Corpus hemorrhagium
Corpus luteum
Corpus Albicans

Question 5

Corpus hemorrhagium

Answer 5

Follicle collapse

Follicle lumen fills blood b/c ruptured cap. in theca

Question 6

Corpus luteum

Answer 6

Follicle walls r folded 
Blood re-absorbed/digested 
Cells involved=granulosa cells and theca interna cells 
-special horm. prod. 
-Both create progres.
-estrodial (most + estrogen)
  :theca=cholest-->androsternedione 
  :androgase to gransulosa=create estrodial 
Support implantion

Question 7

Corpus albicans

Answer 7

Collagen b/c no implantation
-no horm. are porduced to keep corpus lut.
Granulosa/theca cells die=incre. collagen
-lutolysis

Question 8

Histology of granulosa and theca interna

Answer 8

Granulosa =light/lrf cells

Theca interna cells=small darker cells

Question 9

implantation related to corpus luteum

Answer 9

Implantation 
-b/w fetus wall of uterus 
-placenta produce hcG
  :incre. theca and granulosa cells 
  :incre. lipid droplet=incre. steroid horm. 
-good for 4-5mo. and hcG decre. b/c placenta is lrg enough to produce needed horm. 
No implantation 
-growth factor w/draw
-degenerate into fibrous mass
-cropus albican=scar and collagen

Question 10

atretic follicles

Answer 10

Mulitple follicles begin form BUT only 1 undergoes ovulation
Follicles=apoptosis
-might see zona pelucida
-might have glassy follicle memb.

Question 11

FSH vs. LH

Answer 11

FSH=follicle develop.

LH=ovulation/corpus luteum

Question 12

Oviduct purpose

Answer 12

For oocyte to be fertilized
-granulosa cells surrounding oocyte binds to fimbria
:fimbria=blaind ciliated cells for brining oocyte into oviduct (w.in infundibulum)

Question 13

Oviduct aka/histo.

Answer 13

AKA=fallopian tube
Histo.
-highly folded=see LP (support mucosa) 
Simp. colum. 
-ciliated and not ciliated (peg cells) secretory cells
-sm. muscle 
Sim. to seminal vesicle

Question 14

Uterus: implantation

Answer 14

Implantation=1 wk after fertilziation

• fert=cell division (blastocyt burst out of ZP)
• implant=1wk after fert.
• gastula=cavity created and layer of embryo
• space=placenta

Question 15

Uterus:wall

Answer 15

Inner=endometrium 
2 layers
-Stratum funcationale and basale 
-Epith. =smp. columnar 
-uterine gland 
-CT w/ BV
  :BV=arcuate arteries that support gland 
Mid. =myometrium 
-sm. muscle(thick)
-3 unorg. layers 
-cn see well in animals not hum. 
Outer=perimetrium 
-serosa/visceral peritoneum

Question 16

Uterus=menstral cycle

Answer 16

Ovary horm. act her=estrogen/progesterone
phases
-porliferative phase=pre-ovulatory 
-secretory phase=ovulation 
-menstration

Question 17

Pre-ovulatory phase

Answer 17

Proliferative phase 
Estrogen=produce by follicles b4 ovulation to + phase 
Incre. Strat. funcationale thickenss 
-Strat. basale dnt change 
Gland lenght/thicken 
Cell=simp. columnar

Question 18

Ovulatory phase

Answer 18

Secretory phase
Porgesterone produce by coprus luteum to +phase
Incre. gland/BV=spiral (saw tooth) b/c st. functionale dnt thicken
visibile spiral rt.

Question 19

menstral phase

Answer 19

NO fert. =decre. horm. and begin apopt.

• incre. GF w/drwal for cell death to occur
  str. functionale slought off/BV rupture
• hemorrhage=destroy spiral art.

Question 20

Uterine vasculature

Answer 20

Cycle begin incre. BV but end BUT endometry dnt incre. in hight cuasing art/gland to siral

Question 21

Vagina

Answer 21

Epith.
-st. sq. w/ incre glycogen
:histo.=clear empty space b/c of glycogen(~to keratin but w/ nucleus)
-LP=iinterdegitate structural areas =R vagina abrasion
Muscle=not well org. sm. muscle (thinner than uterus )
No gland
Adventitia=Dense CT

Question 22

Cervix

Answer 22

Epith. =smp. columnar w/ mucosa 
Transiotnal epith. =shift from sq.-->column. 
-Changes throughout life
  :prepub. =outside ext. os
  :preprego.=canal
  :post menapo.=outside exter. os. 
Canal 
mucosal glands
Nobothia cyst
-dialted gland filled w/ mucous
internal/external os.

Question 23

Placenta purpose

Answer 23

Remove waste/exchange nourishment from mom/fetus

Question 24

Placenta formation

Answer 24

Blastocyte formed 14 dys.

• endometrym gland
• expanding meaternal sinusoid w/ amniotic cavity
• cells=cytotrohpblast(inner) and syncytrophoblast (outer)
• Primary villus form cyto and syn(mesoderm w/in)

Question 25

placenta structure

Answer 25

Choronic plate lined w/ amniotic epith. (smp. cub. )
-outside fetal
-w/in fetal BV
-villus grow dwn
:cytorophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast (not always cont’)
-hofbauer cell=early preg/apoptotic cells
-maternal blood surround villus in intervillous space
Basale=mom side
-decidua basalis
:uterin/used to be endometrium
-myometrium
-decidual cells=help maintain placenta

Question 26

Mammary gland:breast

Answer 26

Nipple containing CT w/ sm. muscle (circular sphincter)
Symp. N. fiber following sm. muscle
-leading to lactiferous sinus–>duct–>interlob. –>secretory unit
Ducts are inhib. gland w/ small saccular evagination
-until prego.
During prego. =tubuloalverolar secretory unit
-lactiferous duct
-cub./colum. cells
-myoepith.
After prego.=stroma consist of connective/adipose tissue becoming lobular alveolar tissue

Question 27

Mammary gland:nipple

Answer 27

Areola=incre,. sebaceous gland 
Lact. Duct -->mammary gland lobe 
-smp. cub./colum
-myoepith. 
Sm. muscle in CT=circular sphincter

Question 28

Mammary gland:duct develop

Answer 28

Puberty=duct syt. expand into adipose
-b/c estrogen=lacterfous dutc/terminal bud grows and fat grows around in
Prego.=terminal end bud grows
-Adipose=CT tissue stroma
-Prl/placten lactogen w/ estrogen/progesteron
:+lacterfous ducts and secretory alveoli(+ @ the end of branched lacterferous)

Question 29

Terminal duct lobular unit

Answer 29

Change 
No lactation=duct w/o secretory 
-dense CT/adipose
Lactation=incre secreotry 
-incre. Horm. 
  :estrogen/proges
  :prolact(pit.) and gonadecorticoid(adrenal cortex)

Question 30

mile relase

Answer 30

Begin @ progesteron levels drop after birth
Milk fat=apocrine
Milk prot.=merocrine