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Histo 3 > Gametes > Flashcards

Gametes Flashcards

1
Q

Gametogenesis meiosis or mitosis

A

Meiosis

Haploid cells w/ new gene combo.,

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2
Q

Basic gametes for male/female

A 
Male 
-sperm
-w/in testes
-ongoing meiosis recombo. 
Female 
-oocyte/ova 
-ovary 
-arrest @ b4 birth
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3
Q

testes housed in

A

Scrotum

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4
Q

Testicular layers

A

Tunica Albuginea
Tunica vasculosa
Tunica propria
Interstial

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5
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

Dense CT

Surround seminiferous lobules

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6
Q

Tunica Vasculosa

A

b/w T. albuginea and Serm. tubules

@ times hard to see

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7
Q

Tunica Propria

A 
Surround each sem. Tubules 
Collagen layers and Myoid cells 
-NOT fibroblast 
Contraction
-peristaltic waves=moving spermatozoe/testicular fluid out of seminferous tubules
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8
Q

Myoid cells

A

peritubular contractile cells
Sm. muscle
Incre. RER for collagen prod.

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9
Q

Leiydig cells

A

Hormo. production inerstitial cell
+ in early fetal develop
Inhib. until puberty
Respond to pit. hormon. Gonade Tropin horm.
Hist.
-light stain b/c incre. SER of cholester. horm. product.
:IE testosteron

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10
Q

Spermatogensis Overview

A 
W/in=seminiferous tubules 
-w/in sertoli cells 
Occurs in waves 
-not every section of tubule is the same 
  :dif. stg. of meoisis/tubule section are difi. 
Mice=segmental not patches
Basal=mitosis w/ additional gametes 
Meosis=haploid gamete
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11
Q

Actual spermatogenesis/cell type

A 
Mitosis=spermatogonia 
-mitosis 
-cnt tell diff. parts 
Meiosis I=Primary spermatocytes 
-@ end=haploid cells
-condense chromo. 
-occur w/in dys
Meiosis II=secondary spermatocytes 
-Haploid 
-cnt see histologically 
Spermiogensis/spermatids 
-Early=immature haploid gametes 
  :w/in sertoli cytop.
-late=see arrow head 
  :@ sertoli apical cytop. 
Resid. body/spermatozoa 
Spermatid are release into sem. tubule lumen
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12
Q

Sertoli cells

A

REg.
True Epith. of sem. tubules b/c other cells are spermatogonia
Histolog=nucleus w/ dark nucleoli
Overview
-function=supporting cell w/in sem. tub.
:reg. spermatogonia
-Allow spe. of BSM and tunica propia=protection from immune system
:sperm not created during gamete formation
@ Basal Near basal lamina
Facilitate relase of speratid
Respond tp FSH=express androgen

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13
Q

Spermatid remod.

A 
Early=reg. cells w/ nucleoli 
-Golgi form acrosome=determine ant. pole 
  :centriole=flagellum 
Acrosome fap form=flagellum extend 
Cell flips 
-flagellum @ lumen 
-ant. near sertoli 
Cytoplasm=post to nucleus/acrosome 
Incre. mitocho. around flagella
-mitochonidal sheath form 
Remove excess cytop.=residual body
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14
Q

Spermatid released from Sertoli cell

A 
Exit serminf. tubules @ the median/rete testes junction 
Travel through
-tubuli recti (short straight tubule.) 
  :line w/ sertoli cells only (smp. cub./columnar epith.)
  :mainly columnar
-Rete testes w/in medianstinum 
  :line w/ simp. cub. epith
-Ductile efferent=efferent ductule
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15
Q

Mediastinum

A

all sem. tubule drain @ this pt.

has dense CT w/ BV (~ to hilum of organ)

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16
Q

Mediastinum

A

all sem. tubule drain @ this pt.

has dense CT w/ BV (~ to hilum of organ)

17
Q

Female gametogensis overview

A

Gametes produced in ovaries
Fertilization=oviduct
Iimplantation=uterus

18
Q

Oogenesis mitotic division

A 
1st meiotic division=in ovary 
-begin @ embryonic develop 
  :not @ birth unitl puberty 
-After each ovulation 
  :oocyte-->fallopiantube 
2nd meiotic division 
-metaphase arrest (prior to oviduct) 
-if fertilized =completed in oviduct
19
Q

Ovaries

A 
Layers 
-Tunic albuginea 
-Germinal epith. (smp. cub.) 
Function 
-produce femal gamete 
-secrete estrogen/progest. 
-reg. postnatal growth/reproduced organd 
-develop 2ndry sex organs
20
Q

Fallopian tube

A

AKA oviduct

Fembri=cilia that bind to outer cilular layer of oocyte(corna radiata)

21
Q

oogonia

A 
Cells that develop during fetal development 
-mitosis incre. number of future oocyte 
Dnt need BB(unlike male) b/c was developing during immune syst. develop
Most not fully develop=atresia 
-apoptosis of surrounding cells
-80% of cells are destroyed b4 birth
Brith
-ovaries contain 600,00 to 800,000
-arrest in prophase I
22
Q

Basic follicle structure

A 
Oocyte 
Zona peluccida 
-glylcoprot. 
-very eosin 
Granulosa cell=supporting cells
23
Q

Follicle structure-oocyte

A

Developing female gamete
-mature=ovum/oval
Vry lrg cell w/ incre number of sub organell
-male=nuclei, mitoch, flagella
Proj. irreg. microvilli–>perivitelline space
Granulosa cell extend in perivitelline space
-allow for communication w/ oocyte a part of communication

24
Q

Perivitelline space

A

b/w oocyte/granulosa cell

Zona pellucida forms

25
Q

Follicle structuer-2ndry follice structures

A

Cumulus oophorus w/ granuloa cells
Corona radiata
-cell layer surround oocyte after release
Microvilli penetrate zona pellucida/contact oocyte microvilli
No cytoplasmic continuity
-but communicate through gap junction

26
Q

Follicular develop

A 
Stg1. =primordial oocyte
Stg2=primary follicle 
Stg. 3=secondary follicle 
Stg. 4=graafian 
Stg5=relase
27
Q

Follicular develop-stg. 1/primordial

A

Housing primary oocyte w/ sq. cells(granulosa cells)

B4 birth/puberty

28
Q

Follicular develop-stg. 2/primary follicle

A 
AKA developed primordial cell
No layers 
Arrest after crossing over and wait until pubert @ prophase I 
Early=sum. cub. 
Lat.=st. cub. 
-theca follicle begins to develop 
-beginning of zona pellucida
29
Q

Follicular develop-stg. 3/secondary follicle

A 
AKA prenatal follicle 
Atria forms 
-space surrounding most of oocyte 
-fluid=oocyte maturation inhibin(OMI)
2 cells start to form
-zona pellucida (encase primary oocyte)
-mural granulosa cells (premature theca cels)
Cumulus oophoras 
Layers 
-Granulosa (st. cub.) 
-BsM 
-theca=inner and outer
30
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

stop oocyte from mooving by attaching to granulosa cells

31
Q

Theca cells

A

Inner=horm. producing cells
-vascular layer
-respond to LH to produce estrogen’s precursor
Outer=sm. muscle/CT

32
Q

Follicular develop-stg 4/graafrian

A 
AKA pre-ovulatory follicle 
Very lrg cell 
Follicle move close to outer aspect of ovary 
cells
-cumulus oophorus 
-cornoa radia=granulosa cells cell attache to zona pellucida 
Polar body created 
-oocyte daughter cell from meiosis 
-b/w oocyte and zona pellucida 
-chromo. w/ mini cytop. 
-undergo apoptosis
33
Q

Follicle develop-release

A 
Incre. vol./incre.  of follicular fluid 
Plasmin proteolysis of follicular wall
Glycoamino glycogen deposit in comulums oophurs 
Exit=theca ext. sm. contraction
-goes into oviduct
34
Q

Released oocyte layers

A 
corona radiat(granulosa cells)
oocyte/nucleus
35
Q

Hormone reg. in gen.

A

beginn @ hypoth.=GnRH to pituitary (FSH/LH)

36
Q

Endocrine for males

A 
FSH=sertoli cells
LH=lydig cell
Testosteron 
-2ndry sec charct. 
-reprod. 
-metaoblic=growth/kid. 
-behavi.=libido
37
Q

endocrine for females

A 
FSH=follicle develop. 
LH=ovulatin/progesteron/estrogen
ovarian cycle
-hormo level changes eery 28 dys 
ovaries release oocyte by uterine wall changes 
Estrogen/progest=inhib. LHRH/GnRH
Progesterone's percursor for estrogen/testorone
-secdry sex charact. 
-reporduciton
-lactation

Histo 3 (13 decks)

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