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Histo 3 > Endo: Pineal/Hypoth./Pit. > Flashcards

Endo: Pineal/Hypoth./Pit. Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Hormone control

A

Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine

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2
Q

Endocrine hormone control

A

Cell release horm. across BsM and CT
-enter cap. w/ fenestration/discont’
Goes to blood to go to target

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3
Q

Paracrine hormone control

A

Release Hormone have on neighbor cell underline CT

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4
Q

Hormone sig. types

A

cell surface recept. sig.
Nuclear initiated steroid sig.
Memb. initiated steriod sig.

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5
Q

Cell surface recept.

A

Non lipid horm.

G prot. –>2nd messenger–>DNA transcrip./ion channles

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6
Q

Memb.-initiated steroid

A

Lipid horm.
Recep. in Caveolae
- ~ sig. as non-lipid
-action on DNA transcript./+ion channels or nuclei

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7
Q

Nuclear initiated steroid

A

MC sex horm./glucocorticode

Recep. in cyto. or nucleus for DNA transcrib. or +dna

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8
Q

aka name/location of pineal gland

A

AKA Epiphysis cerebri
Midbrain w/in ventricle wall post
-flattened, pine cone shape structure

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9
Q

Pineal gland production

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

Melatonin

A 
Inhibits gonadal horm. in humnas 
-re. reproductive function 
-inhibt. GnRH production in pit. 
Reg. diurnal cycle 
-by light control in retina 
  :Dark/nihgt=+melatonin 
  :light/day= - melatonin 
Reg. NT=Serotinin, N. EPI, dopamin and histamine
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11
Q

Pineal gland cells

A

Pinealcytes and glial cells

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12
Q

Pinealcytes

A

W/in parenchyma
Produce melatonin
W/in lobules: clumps/cords surrounded by CT septa
Lrg nucleus w/ prom. nucleolus/nucleoli
Lipid droplet in cytop.
Typical N. endocrine cells=cytop. porcess contact w/ BV
-~ axon/dendrites

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13
Q

Glial Cells

A

W/in interstial cell
only 5% cells
~ astrocyte/puricytes

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14
Q

Brain sand

A

Corpora Arenacea

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15
Q

Corpora Arenacea location

A

Pineal Gland

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16
Q

Corpora Arenancea overview

A 
Unique for pineal gland 
Calcified conc. in human 
Secrete Ca2+ phosphate and carbonate crystals 
-relased on carrier prot. by pineolocyte 
Recog. in childhood 
-Inc. w/ age 
Opaque to X-ray
-midine marker in CT/radiograph
-deflection indication pathology
17
Q

Stimuli that activate hypothalamus

A

Sensitive to sensory stimuli
-light, olfactory, automonmic
Other stimuli
-blood borne: steroids, hormones, blood gluc.

18
Q

Hormones released by hypothalamus

A

Release peptides hormones to activate pit.
-neurohypophysis
:some horm. accum. in axons
:N. tissue
-adenohypophysis
:Release in median eminance difuse in hypophysis
:Glandular tissue

19
Q

Hypothesis-anatomy

A

2 nuclei in hypoth. for pot. pit.
-paraventicular nuc.
-supraoptic nuc. (above/assoc. optic N.)
Infundibulum/hypothalamohypophyseal tract
-a part of the stalk and allow axons into post. pit.

20
Q

Horm. b/w post. and ant. pit.

A 
Post.=oxytocin and vasopressin(ADH) 
Ant.
-GHRH-->GH(somatoprisin) 
-Somatostatin(GIT)
  : -GH/insulin 
-dopamin=NT in CNS
  : - prolactin 
-CRH-->ACTH
-GnRH-->LH/FSH
-TRH-->TSH
21
Q

Connection b/w hypothalamus and pit.

A

Pars tuberalis=the conction of hypoht./pit.
Infundibulum
-N. tract and glial cells
Pars intermedia=b/w post. and ant. pit.

22
Q

Pit. gland sig. basic

A

Hypoth. sig. pit.
2 gland=post (N.) and ant. (horm.)
Send sig. to endocrine gland/target cells

23
Q

Neurohypohphysis

A 
AKA post. par nervosa 
Hythpoth. N. land in gland 
-N. secretory bodies=Herring bodies contain horm. 
  :oxytocin= + sm. muscle contraction 
    *myoepith. cells for lactating breast 
    *uterus for child birth 
  :ADH/vesopressin 
    *Incre. H2O absrotion in kid. 
    *incre. vasoconstruction 
-Pituicytes(glial cell)=nuclei
24
Q

Par intermedia

A

Location=adeno/n. hypophysis
Human=ruminants rathke pouch
-both N./oropharynx ectoderm evagination forming pouch that closes/reminants
:other cavity to other mammals
-colloid filled w/ follicles (eosinophils)
:simp. cub. epith.
-Also basophils/chromophobe (also in ant. pit.)
-Mammals function (not clear in human)
:basophil=endorphins, melanocyt +horm.

25
Q

Adenohypophysis

A 
AKA=ant. pit./pars distalis/pars anterior 
Cells=need IHC to see diff. b/w cells 
-acidophils=incre. eosin 
  :somatostropic=GF
  :mammotropic=porlactin 
-basophils=incre. baso. 
  :gonadotropic=gonads
  :corticotropics
  :thyrotropic 
-chromophobes=stem cells
  :empty cytop.
  :dnt stain well b/c dnt secrete 
  :depleted cells
26
Q

Corticotropin-releasing horm.

A

Produced by hypoth.
Stim. relase of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) by corticotropic basophils
PMOC is cleaved into 2
-Beta-lipotropin (B-LPH)
:stim. melanocytes producing melanin
:induces lipolysis and steroidogenesis
-ACTH

27
Q

difference in hormones between acidophils and basophil cells

A

Acidophils=peptide

Basophils=glycoprotein

28
Q

Pituicytes myelinated or not

A

they are unmylienated axons

Histo 3 (13 decks)

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