Eye and ear

Question 1

2 Types of fluid within the eye

Answer 1

Virtous body/humor

Aq. humor (ant. post chambers)

Question 2

Post. parts of the eye

Answer 2

Corneoscleral coat 
Vascular coat (uvea)
Retina=detects

Question 3

in corneoscleral coat

Answer 3

sclera and cornea

Question 4

w/in vascular coat

Answer 4

Choroid
Cilary body
Iris

Question 5

Retina

Answer 5

non photo=not nuronal
Photosensitive=neuro portion, send fibers back through N. @ brain
Retinal pig. epith. (RPE) b/w retina and vascular

Question 6

Ant. Eye structures

Answer 6

Cornea
Lens
Iris

Question 7

Cornea structures (5 layers)

Answer 7

Corneal eptih. and BsM
-ant. epith. 
-st. sq. non keratinzed epith.
BsM=bowman's memb. 
-thin b/c compressed by corneal stroma 
Corneal stroma=middle and major portion 
-lamina @ rt angle to each other 
  :contribute to strength/transparent color 
-//-collagen fiber /win lamina 
-fibroblast b/w lamina=help meet collagen fibers 
Corneal epith. and BsM 
-simple cuboidal 
BsM=descements memb. and thick

Question 8

Lens structures

Answer 8

Histologically
-capsule
-subcapsular epith.
:cell moves down germinal zone forming lens fibers (form crystalin prot.)
Light passes cornea to lens
Lens equator=lens midline
-zonular fibers located here to ciliary process
-ciliary process bind to ciliary body (muscle to control lens size for focusing)

Question 9

Iris purpose

Answer 9

control light through lens

Question 10

Iris structures

Answer 10

Retinal layer=post pig. epith. and most inner
-no photosensitive
Uvea=ant. pig. myoepith. amd middle
-forms dilator pupillae muscle circle
Sphincter pipilar muscle=sm. muscle band
-pupil contractor/dilator
CT
Stromal melanocyte=loose CT and fibroblast
No epith. ant.

Question 11

Pupil constrictor vs. dilator

Answer 11

Constrictor muscle
-sphincter pupillae muscle contstrict circle and decr. pupil size
-parasymp.
Dilator muscle
-radial muscle and shorten on periphery and incre. pupil size
-symp. to allow light

Question 12

Iridocorneal angle purpose

Answer 12

AKA filtration angle
connect iris to sclera
Ciliary body is next to the angle

Question 13

Ciliary body b/w iris and sclera

Answer 13

Ciliary process=non photosensitive of retina
Epith/not neuro
Produce aq. humor

Question 14

aq. humor flows through

Answer 14

Post. chamber–>iris/lens–>pupil–>ant. chamber (b/w cornea and iris)–>trabecular meshwork(loose CT)–>canal of schelm (s. sq. epith.)–>sclera venous sinus

Question 15

Light detection: refractile media and 4 transparent components

Answer 15

Elements change path B4 reaches retina and focus light rays on retina 
4 components
-cornea
-aq. humor
-lens
-vitreous body/gel
  :gel like sub. 
  :shock absorber
  :hyluronan(synovial joints), glycoprot, collagen fibrils

Question 16

detect light: retina

Answer 16

Cornea–>aq. hum. –>lens–>viterous body–>retina
Light detection=neural layers=photosensitive(10 layers)
Non-neuronal=retinal pig. epith.
-pig. protect choroid(b/w retina and sclera post. eye

Question 17

inner layer of retina

Answer 17

Ora serrata

• ant.=non photo sensitive and lens aspect of iris
• post. =photosensitve

Question 18

Retinal photosensitive layers

Answer 18

Retinal pig. epith.(RPE)
Rods/cons(most sensitive area)
-opsin/rhodopsin induce sig. bac to optic N. -->brain 
-photosensitive prot. support by RPE synape @ bipolar N. @ inner nuclear layers 
Outer limiting memb. 
Outer nuclear layer 
Outer plexiform layer=synapse 
Inner nuclear layer 
Inner plexiform layer
-ganglion cell layer(axons)
Layer of optic N. fiber
Inner limiting memb.

Question 19

Macula Lutea

Answer 19

Yellow round fovea

-fovea=thinner retina region and incre. visual accuity b/c incre. of cons

Question 20

Rods

Answer 20

sensitive to low light

Incre. number in peripheral regions

Question 21

Cons

Answer 21

Post. in bright light 
Macula region 
Rhodop=neg. in dark/incre. NT
-opsin=pos. in lihgt/decre. NT 
-glutamate by cGMP
MC color blind
-protanopia=no red 
-deuteranopia=no green
-tritanopia=no blue

Question 22

Retina blood supply

Answer 22

retinal cap, venule and arteirole travel to surface

internal vs. depend on indivd.

Question 23

Conjunctiva

Answer 23

Mucous memb. epith. and LP
-might have lymphatic nodules
-cover sclera and line inner eyelid
Epith. w/ lacrimal gland and/or goblet cells
-may be cuboidal, pseudostratified, st. sq.
-some animal=transitional epith.

Question 24

Eyelid

Answer 24

outer aspect of skin 
-cutaneous
-hair, sweat gland
  :hair=gland of ziest/sebecous gland 
tarsal plate surrounds tarsal glands

Question 25

parts of the ear

Answer 25

external
middle
inner

Question 26

External ear

Answer 26

Auricle=lined w/ elastic cartilage
External acoustic medius
-cerminous glands=secret lipid w/in broad lumen
-St. sq. epith.

Question 27

Tympanic memb.

Answer 27

B/w external and middle ear
Outer=st. sq.
Middle=CT
Inner s. cub. epith.

Question 28

Middle ear

Answer 28

After tympanic cavity/auditory canal 
Pseudost. epith. w/ goblet 
Mixed gland
Mallus/incus and stapes connected by synovial joint 
-stapes connects to oval window

Question 29

Inner ear parts

Answer 29

Bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
Sensory

Question 30

Bony labryinth

Answer 30

W/in the inner ear
3 connected space for inner ear(w/in temporal bone)
Semicircule canals=up, back, lateral
-move of fluid dtect plane mov. (x, y, z)
Vestibule=utricle and saccule
-oval(stapes transmit mech. mov. to tympanic fluid) vs. round window(allow fluid dispate for new thing to occur)
Cochlear=detect sound

Question 31

Membraneous labrynth

Answer 31

W/in inner ear
Series of communication of sac and duct anatomy endolymph
-perilymph srround the outter memb.
Vestibular labryinth
-semicircular ducts
-utricle, utricularsaccule duct and saccule

Question 32

Sensory of ear

Answer 32

Ampulla
Crista ampula of semicricle
-detect plane move
as head moves cupule move =moveing hair cells which will open/close gated ion channels to sig. to brain

Question 33

maccula of utricle and saccule detects what type of head move?

Answer 33

up and down

Question 34

Cochlea

Answer 34

Stria vasculars=blood
bony labrenth=modularis bond
vestibular (reissners memb.)=memb. labrynth
Scala media=endolymph
-have organ of corti line by BsM
spiral igament connect vestibular and BsM

Question 35

Organ of corti

Answer 35

tectoral memb.=gell (control hair mov.)

• inner pilar, phangela, hair cells are close to internal spiral sulcus
• outer pilar, pharngeal hair cell further away

Question 36

Cochlear dect. snd

Answer 36

Structure
-tectorle memb. attach to BsM
-rest of organ of corti attached to basalr memb.
Endolymph and perilymph @ diff. density=snd wave move. @ diff. spead and tectoral basalar memb. dn move togethr
Sound hit/return @ organ of corti @ diff. times and places
spiral gang./spiral organs of corti @ dif. pt.s

Question 37

sound from outer to inner ear

Answer 37

Snd waves collected in the outer ear
Transmitted to middle ear (converted into mech. vibration)
Vibration move stapes @ oval window(fluid mov.)
Fluid move. detected by organ of corti due to diff. move. of endolymph./perilymph