Reminders Prep 2 Flashcards
The (Windows Share) Change permission is the same as __ __ except that it doesn’t grant the ability to do what?
Change is the same as Full Control, but can’t change the folder’s permissions
[CANT Change folder permissions]
If you want to “not allow” certain user permissions for a folder, what’s the best option to do that?
Uncheck “Allow”
(NEVER click DENY)
The main reason to use a DENY permission is for what?
Override an inherited ALLOW permission
How do you access Windows Share and NTFS Share permissions? (2 separate areas)
Windows Share = Right Click Folder > Properties > Sharing
NTFS Share = Right Click File/Folder > Properties > Security
How is the NTFS Change permission different from the Windows Share Change permission?
NTFS Change enables an account to add/remove permissions for other users
What is the default inheritance rule? (NTFS permissions)
default rule: new files/folders get the NTFS permissions of the parent folder
How do inherited permissions look like in the dialog box?
They’re grayed out
How do you override inherited permissions? (NTFS)
DENY permission
How do inherited permissions work if the parent folder has Full Control and the child file has only Read? (NTFS)
Inherited permissions are additive, so you would still get Full Control on the child file
What does permission propagation deal with? (NTFS volumes)
What permissions a file/folder will have after you move/copy it
What happens to a file/folder’s permissions that’s moved within the same volume? (NTFS volumes)
keeps original permissions
What happens to a file/folder’s permissions that’s moved to a different volume? (NTFS volumes)
inherits new permissions
What happens when you copy a file/folder within the same volume? (NTFS volumes)
inherits new permissions
What happens when you copy a file/folder to a different volume? (NTFS volumes)
inherits new permissions
The only time a file/folder keeps its original permissions in an NTFS volume is when?
you move it within the same volume, all other times it will inherit new permissions
What are effective permissions?
factors in all the permissions the user is included in (like groups) and shows the actual permissions the user has
What editions of Windows 10/11 support EFS?
Pro and Enterprise
What command opens System Information?
msinfo
What Windows editions include Bitlocker Drive Encryption? (3)
Windows 10/11 Pro and Enterprise
How does a TPM chip and Bitlocker Drive Encryption work together?
Bitlocker encrypts the entire drive, all files, and the TPM chip validates that the computer has not changed on boot for extra security
What happens when you use both Windows Sharing and NTFS sharing permissions?
the more restrictive permissions apply
Where is the Registry stored?
It’s not a single file, it’s a collection of files called hives that stores general user data in Windows\System32\config and stores the hives for individual accounts in C:\Users
How do you undo Registry changes?
You can’t (and the effect is immediate, no saves)
What is the Registry editor called?
regedit
What is a root key?
A root key is one of the 5 top-level hierarchical headings that the Registry is organized into
What is a subkey?
the “subfolder” of the top level root key in the Registry
Each key or subkey can have values. What is that?
values show more information about the key (what’s included inside)
What are the 3 most common types of defined data stored in a Registry’s value?
- String value - any combo of text and digits (REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ)
- Decimal/Hexadecimal value - base 10, base 16 (REG_DWORD)
- Binary values - stores 1s and 0s (REG_BINARY)
What is the executable file name for System Information?
msinfo32
How do you get system information about remote computers?
msinfo32 (System Information) > View > Remote Computer…
What is the executable file name for System Configuration?
msconfig
Where can you find a list of many tools and utilities available on Windows?
System Configuration (msconfig) > Tools
Between Performance Monitor and Resource Monitor, which is the snap-in?
Performance Monitor (perfmon.msc)
Resource Monitor (perfmon.exe or resmon.exe)
What are the 5 root keys of the Registry?
What is also known as the command-line interpreter?
the shell (interprets the commands sent from the text-based interface app called CLI)
What is a traditional CLI available on Win10 and 11?
Command Prompt
What CLI does Windows 11 have?
Terminal (runs multiple CLIs)
What’s the default CLI prompt look like for Windows 10 and 11?
10: Current location (working directory)
11: User’s personal directory c:\Users\Tom>
What’s the default CLI prompt for macOS and Linux? (If a power user didn’t customize the prompt) [Shows 3 things]
current user, system name, working directory
tom@Ubuntu:~$
What symbol indicates the end of the prompt in Windows?
>
In Linux/macOS what does symbol is used to indicate the end of the prompt?
$
In Linux what’s the top-level directory that a user can access?
the home directory symbolized with a ~ tilde
In Linux, what 2 directories is media mounted to?
/mnt
/media/username
In macOS, what directory is media mounted to?
/Volumes
Does Linux/macOS use forward or back slashes?
forward slashes
/mnt
/media/username
When using the “cd” command, what can it NOT change to?
another volume, just other directories
The “cd” command is available for what OS?
- Windows
- Linux
- macOS
When would you be able to type in just the name of a directory when using cd? (All OS)
when the desired directory is a sub-directory of the current working one (going deeper into the same directory)
When moving within the same parent directory, how would you input that command? (Windows)
Since we’re not going deeper into the same directory/sub-directory, you would need to include the \ in front of the desired neighbor directory
Example, from Users to neighbor folder Windows in the same parent directory:
c:\Users>cd \Windows
What does the path look like when going from the top-level root directory to Users\Public? (Windows)
C:>cd \Users\Public
In Windows and Linux how do you go back up one level in the folder hierarchy in a CLI?
cd ..
c:\Windows\System32>cd ..
In Windows how do you go back up to the root directory in a CLI?
cd \
c:\Windows>cd \
In Linux, what’s the syntax to go from Documents to another directory within the user’s home directory like Downloads?
magicmachine@systemname:~/Documents$cd ~/Downloads
(need to include both the ~ tilde and forward slash when jumping between neighbor folders in Linux)
In Linux how do you go back up to the root directory? Syntax
cd ~
Which OS don’t use drive letters?
macOS and Linux
Which OS isn’t case-sensitive? Which is?
Not case-sensitive: Windows and macOS (paths)
Case-sensitive: Linux (paths)
What are syntax arguments?
arguments are the collected input/details that will be placed into variables
(like cd Documents….Documents is the argument bc it specifies the directory)
What are switches also called?
options
What are switches/options?
they’re the codes that tell the command how to process the input
What 2 ways do switches/options appear and what are the 2 types of forms they come in? (2)
- Slashes /f or Hyphens -l
- Short-form -h /? (1 hyphen) and Long-form –help (2 hyphens)
Of the 2 forms a switch came come in, which ones is sometimes case sensitive?
short-form
ex. -h /f -h /w
Of the 2 forms a switch came come in, which ones can be combined?
short-form switches (but they must make sense together or they’ll fail)
ex.
-la
In syntax, what is a parameter?
a parameter is the argument that’s associated with a switch
How do you view syntax documentation on Windows and Terminal?
Windows: help and /?
Terminal: man and help
ex.
help cd
man ls
What does the -l switch in Linux stand for? Which command is it used with? (2)
- Long listing
- ls
What does the syntax look like to view a certain file or folder’s permissions in Linux?
ls -l
What’s the Linux/macOS equivalent of Window’s dir /p?
ls | more
(pages of data)
In Linux/macOS syntax, what is the | symbol called? What does it do?
- pipe
- takes the output of 1st command and pipes it through the 2nd before showing results
In Linux and macOS, how is media made accessible if there are no hard drives?
they’re mounted as directories
In macOS, where is media mounted?
/Volumes
In Linux, where are drives and removable media mounted? (2)
Drives = /mnt
Removable Media = /media/username
What commands do you use to make a directory in Windows? What’s the difference? Which one can you use on all OS?
md or mkdir
md = requires an argument (name of directory)
mkdir = compatible with all OS
Can you create 2 files/directories with the same name but different case in Windows?
No, because Windows doesn’t identify files by case so you can’t have 2 files/folders with the same name
What OS is case-sensitive for paths?
Linux, macOS
How do you create a directory in Linux/macOS? What command?
mkdir
Windows: To delete a directory, what command only works in Windows? Which works on all 3 OS?
Windows only: rd
3 OS: rmdir
Windows: Since you can’t delete a non-empty directory with simple rd or rmdir commands, what’s the syntax to delete one?
rmdir /s
rd /s
(these don’t end up in the recycle bin)
How do you remove a directory AND its contents on Linux? What’s the syntax?
rm -r
What are 2 ways you can run a program from the command line on Windows?
- Change to the working directory the .exe file is in, type the name
- Type the complete path to the .exe file from current working directory
ex
mmc
or
C:\Windows\System32\mmc
Files with what 2 extensions are programs?
.exe and .com
What color are executable files in Linux?
green
What are the 2 types of exectuable files in Linux?
- Individual built-in programs (built-in commands)
- Executable programs not built-in (download, run it)
Wildcards come in what 2 forms? (All 3 OS)
- Asterisk *
- Question Mark ?
What commands do wildcards work with?
All commands that deal with multiple files or directories
(like dir)
What does the syntax look like if you’re trying to find every file in a directory that starts with a? (Windows example)
C:>dir a.
What does the syntax look like if you’re trying to find every file in a directory that starts with sa? (Linux example)
ls sa* -l
(included -l long listing to have a detailed list of the files)
For Windows, how do you delete files? (2 ways)
- del
- erase
(be sure to include their file extension in the syntax)
For Linux, how do you delete files?
rm
(also works to remove filled/not filled directories with rm -r )
How do you delete all files in a directory on Windows? What’s the syntax look like?
del .
del star dot star
What are the 2 commands to remove a directory in Windows?
- rd
- rmdir
(removing full directories requires the /s switch)
What are the 2 commands to copy or move files in Windows?
- copy
- move
What are the 2 commands to copy or move files in Linux/macOS?
- cp
- mv
To see the short-name alias (8-3 name) of files, what’s the syntax? Windows
dir /x
What’s a workaround to commands getting confused by spaces in filenames?
Use the file’s 8-3 short-name alias (dir /x) so you can refer to the file by the first 6 letters and its sequential number
How do you rename files and directories in Windows?
ren oldname newname
How do you rename files and directories in Linux/macOS?
mv oldname newname
In Windows, what command do you use to copy over multiple directories? What switches does it accept?
(leveled up version of copy)
xcopy
/s (copy all sub-directories, no empty)
/e (copy empty directories)
What’s the difference between Window’s xcopy and copy?
copy (and move) works on files and only one directory at a time
xcopy is multiple directories and files
In Linux, what’s the leveled-up version of mv and cp?
mv and cp don’t need a leveled up version like Windows. To copy a sub-directory and all its files you only need to add -R recursive switch
(but the mv command doesn’t even need a special switch!)
