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CompTIA® A+ Certification Prep 2: Software > Reminders Prep 2 > Flashcards

Reminders Prep 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The (Windows Share) Change permission is the same as __ __ except that it doesn’t grant the ability to do what?

A

Change is the same as Full Control, but can’t change the folder’s permissions

[CANT Change folder permissions]

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2
Q

If you want to “not allow” certain user permissions for a folder, what’s the best option to do that?

A

Uncheck “Allow”

(NEVER click DENY)

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3
Q

The main reason to use a DENY permission is for what?

A

Override an inherited ALLOW permission

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4
Q

How do you access Windows Share and NTFS Share permissions? (2 separate areas)

A

Windows Share = Right Click Folder > Properties > Sharing
NTFS Share = Right Click File/Folder > Properties > Security

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5
Q

How is the NTFS Change permission different from the Windows Share Change permission?

A

NTFS Change enables an account to add/remove permissions for other users

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6
Q

What is the default inheritance rule? (NTFS permissions)

A

default rule: new files/folders get the NTFS permissions of the parent folder

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7
Q

How do inherited permissions look like in the dialog box?

A

They’re grayed out

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8
Q

How do you override inherited permissions? (NTFS)

A

DENY permission

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9
Q

How do inherited permissions work if the parent folder has Full Control and the child file has only Read? (NTFS)

A

Inherited permissions are additive, so you would still get Full Control on the child file

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10
Q

What does permission propagation deal with? (NTFS volumes)

A

What permissions a file/folder will have after you move/copy it

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11
Q

What happens to a file/folder’s permissions that’s moved within the same volume? (NTFS volumes)

A

keeps original permissions

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12
Q

What happens to a file/folder’s permissions that’s moved to a different volume? (NTFS volumes)

A

inherits new permissions

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13
Q

What happens when you copy a file/folder within the same volume? (NTFS volumes)

A

inherits new permissions

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14
Q

What happens when you copy a file/folder to a different volume? (NTFS volumes)

A

inherits new permissions

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15
Q

The only time a file/folder keeps its original permissions in an NTFS volume is when?

A

you move it within the same volume, all other times it will inherit new permissions

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16
Q

What are effective permissions?

A

factors in all the permissions the user is included in (like groups) and shows the actual permissions the user has

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17
Q

What editions of Windows 10/11 support EFS?

A

Pro and Enterprise

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18
Q

What command opens System Information?

A

msinfo

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19
Q

What Windows editions include Bitlocker Drive Encryption? (3)

A

Windows 10/11 Pro and Enterprise

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20
Q

How does a TPM chip and Bitlocker Drive Encryption work together?

A

Bitlocker encrypts the entire drive, all files, and the TPM chip validates that the computer has not changed on boot for extra security

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21
Q

What happens when you use both Windows Sharing and NTFS sharing permissions?

A

the more restrictive permissions apply

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22
Q

Where is the Registry stored?

A

It’s not a single file, it’s a collection of files called hives that stores general user data in Windows\System32\config and stores the hives for individual accounts in C:\Users

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23
Q

How do you undo Registry changes?

A

You can’t (and the effect is immediate, no saves)

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24
Q

What is the Registry editor called?

A

regedit

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25
Q

What is a root key?

A

A root key is one of the 5 top-level hierarchical headings that the Registry is organized into

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26
Q

What is a subkey?

A

the “subfolder” of the top level root key in the Registry

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27
Q

Each key or subkey can have values. What is that?

A

values show more information about the key (what’s included inside)

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28
Q

What are the 3 most common types of defined data stored in a Registry’s value?

A
  1. String value - any combo of text and digits (REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ)
  2. Decimal/Hexadecimal value - base 10, base 16 (REG_DWORD)
  3. Binary values - stores 1s and 0s (REG_BINARY)
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29
Q

What is the executable file name for System Information?

A

msinfo32

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30
Q

How do you get system information about remote computers?

A

msinfo32 (System Information) > View > Remote Computer…

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31
Q

What is the executable file name for System Configuration?

A

msconfig

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32
Q

Where can you find a list of many tools and utilities available on Windows?

A

System Configuration (msconfig) > Tools

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33
Q

Between Performance Monitor and Resource Monitor, which is the snap-in?

A

Performance Monitor (perfmon.msc)

Resource Monitor (perfmon.exe or resmon.exe)

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34
Q

What are the 5 root keys of the Registry?

A
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35
Q

What is also known as the command-line interpreter?

A

the shell (interprets the commands sent from the text-based interface app called CLI)

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36
Q

What is a traditional CLI available on Win10 and 11?

A

Command Prompt

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37
Q

What CLI does Windows 11 have?

A

Terminal (runs multiple CLIs)

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38
Q

What’s the default CLI prompt look like for Windows 10 and 11?

A

10: Current location (working directory)
11: User’s personal directory c:\Users\Tom>

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39
Q

What’s the default CLI prompt for macOS and Linux? (If a power user didn’t customize the prompt) [Shows 3 things]

A

current user, system name, working directory

tom@Ubuntu:~$

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40
Q

What symbol indicates the end of the prompt in Windows?

A

>

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41
Q

In Linux/macOS what does symbol is used to indicate the end of the prompt?

A

$

42
Q

In Linux what’s the top-level directory that a user can access?

A

the home directory symbolized with a ~ tilde

43
Q

In Linux, what 2 directories is media mounted to?

A

/mnt
/media/username

44
Q

In macOS, what directory is media mounted to?

A

/Volumes

45
Q

Does Linux/macOS use forward or back slashes?

A

forward slashes

/mnt
/media/username

46
Q

When using the “cd” command, what can it NOT change to?

A

another volume, just other directories

47
Q

The “cd” command is available for what OS?

A
  1. Windows
  2. Linux
  3. macOS
48
Q

When would you be able to type in just the name of a directory when using cd? (All OS)

A

when the desired directory is a sub-directory of the current working one (going deeper into the same directory)

49
Q

When moving within the same parent directory, how would you input that command? (Windows)

A

Since we’re not going deeper into the same directory/sub-directory, you would need to include the \ in front of the desired neighbor directory

Example, from Users to neighbor folder Windows in the same parent directory:
c:\Users>cd \Windows

50
Q

What does the path look like when going from the top-level root directory to Users\Public? (Windows)

A

C:>cd \Users\Public

51
Q

In Windows and Linux how do you go back up one level in the folder hierarchy in a CLI?

A

cd ..

c:\Windows\System32>cd ..

52
Q

In Windows how do you go back up to the root directory in a CLI?

A

cd \

c:\Windows>cd \

53
Q

In Linux, what’s the syntax to go from Documents to another directory within the user’s home directory like Downloads?

A

magicmachine@systemname:~/Documents$cd ~/Downloads

(need to include both the ~ tilde and forward slash when jumping between neighbor folders in Linux)

54
Q

In Linux how do you go back up to the root directory? Syntax

A

cd ~

55
Q

Which OS don’t use drive letters?

A

macOS and Linux

56
Q

Which OS isn’t case-sensitive? Which is?

A

Not case-sensitive: Windows and macOS (paths)
Case-sensitive: Linux (paths)

57
Q

What are syntax arguments?

A

arguments are the collected input/details that will be placed into variables

(like cd Documents….Documents is the argument bc it specifies the directory)

58
Q

What are switches also called?

A

options

59
Q

What are switches/options?

A

they’re the codes that tell the command how to process the input

60
Q

What 2 ways do switches/options appear and what are the 2 types of forms they come in? (2)

A
  1. Slashes /f or Hyphens -l
  2. Short-form -h /? (1 hyphen) and Long-form –help (2 hyphens)
61
Q

Of the 2 forms a switch came come in, which ones is sometimes case sensitive?

A

short-form

ex. -h /f -h /w

62
Q

Of the 2 forms a switch came come in, which ones can be combined?

A

short-form switches (but they must make sense together or they’ll fail)

ex.

-la

63
Q

In syntax, what is a parameter?

A

a parameter is the argument that’s associated with a switch

64
Q

How do you view syntax documentation on Windows and Terminal?

A

Windows: help and /?
Terminal: man and help

ex.

help cd
man ls

65
Q

What does the -l switch in Linux stand for? Which command is it used with? (2)

A
  1. Long listing
  2. ls
66
Q

What does the syntax look like to view a certain file or folder’s permissions in Linux?

A

ls -l

67
Q

What’s the Linux/macOS equivalent of Window’s dir /p?

A

ls | more

(pages of data)

68
Q

In Linux/macOS syntax, what is the | symbol called? What does it do?

A
  1. pipe
  2. takes the output of 1st command and pipes it through the 2nd before showing results
69
Q

In Linux and macOS, how is media made accessible if there are no hard drives?

A

they’re mounted as directories

70
Q

In macOS, where is media mounted?

A

/Volumes

71
Q

In Linux, where are drives and removable media mounted? (2)

A

Drives = /mnt
Removable Media = /media/username

72
Q

What commands do you use to make a directory in Windows? What’s the difference? Which one can you use on all OS?

A

md or mkdir

md = requires an argument (name of directory)
mkdir = compatible with all OS

73
Q

Can you create 2 files/directories with the same name but different case in Windows?

A

No, because Windows doesn’t identify files by case so you can’t have 2 files/folders with the same name

74
Q

What OS is case-sensitive for paths?

A

Linux, macOS

75
Q

How do you create a directory in Linux/macOS? What command?

A

mkdir

76
Q

Windows: To delete a directory, what command only works in Windows? Which works on all 3 OS?

A

Windows only: rd
3 OS: rmdir

77
Q

Windows: Since you can’t delete a non-empty directory with simple rd or rmdir commands, what’s the syntax to delete one?

A

rmdir /s
rd /s

(these don’t end up in the recycle bin)

78
Q

How do you remove a directory AND its contents on Linux? What’s the syntax?

A

rm -r

79
Q

What are 2 ways you can run a program from the command line on Windows?

A
  1. Change to the working directory the .exe file is in, type the name
  2. Type the complete path to the .exe file from current working directory

ex
mmc
or
C:\Windows\System32\mmc

80
Q

Files with what 2 extensions are programs?

A

.exe and .com

81
Q

What color are executable files in Linux?

A

green

82
Q

What are the 2 types of exectuable files in Linux?

A
  1. Individual built-in programs (built-in commands)
  2. Executable programs not built-in (download, run it)
83
Q

Wildcards come in what 2 forms? (All 3 OS)

A
  1. Asterisk *
  2. Question Mark ?
84
Q

What commands do wildcards work with?

A

All commands that deal with multiple files or directories

(like dir)

85
Q

What does the syntax look like if you’re trying to find every file in a directory that starts with a? (Windows example)

A

C:>dir a.

86
Q

What does the syntax look like if you’re trying to find every file in a directory that starts with sa? (Linux example)

A

ls sa* -l

(included -l long listing to have a detailed list of the files)

87
Q

For Windows, how do you delete files? (2 ways)

A
  1. del
  2. erase

(be sure to include their file extension in the syntax)

88
Q

For Linux, how do you delete files?

A

rm

(also works to remove filled/not filled directories with rm -r )

89
Q

How do you delete all files in a directory on Windows? What’s the syntax look like?

A

del .

del star dot star

90
Q

What are the 2 commands to remove a directory in Windows?

A
  1. rd
  2. rmdir

(removing full directories requires the /s switch)

91
Q

What are the 2 commands to copy or move files in Windows?

A
  1. copy
  2. move
92
Q

What are the 2 commands to copy or move files in Linux/macOS?

A
  1. cp
  2. mv
93
Q

To see the short-name alias (8-3 name) of files, what’s the syntax? Windows

A

dir /x

94
Q

What’s a workaround to commands getting confused by spaces in filenames?

A

Use the file’s 8-3 short-name alias (dir /x) so you can refer to the file by the first 6 letters and its sequential number

95
Q

How do you rename files and directories in Windows?

A

ren oldname newname

96
Q

How do you rename files and directories in Linux/macOS?

A

mv oldname newname

97
Q

In Windows, what command do you use to copy over multiple directories? What switches does it accept?

(leveled up version of copy)

A

xcopy

/s (copy all sub-directories, no empty)
/e (copy empty directories)

98
Q

What’s the difference between Window’s xcopy and copy?

A

copy (and move) works on files and only one directory at a time

xcopy is multiple directories and files

99
Q

In Linux, what’s the leveled-up version of mv and cp?

A

mv and cp don’t need a leveled up version like Windows. To copy a sub-directory and all its files you only need to add -R recursive switch

(but the mv command doesn’t even need a special switch!)

100
Q
A

CompTIA® A+ Certification Prep 2: Software (45 decks)

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