Lesson 10 - Chapter 2: How Virtualization Works

Question 1

What is a supervisor?

Answer 1

programming that handles very low-level interactions between hardware and software (task scheduling, tracking time and resources, etc)

Question 2

What do you refer to the physical system running a virtual machine?

Answer 2

the host

Question 3

What do you refer to the virtual system running inside a physical system?

Answer 3

the guest

Question 4

What is virtualization?

Answer 4

Creating and running virtual machines that act as physical computers

Question 5

The software we use to implement virtualization is called what? why?

Answer 5

a hypervisor (or VMM) because its role is similar to the supervisor handling software/hardware interactions

Question 6

What’s another name for a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)?

Answer 6

hypervisor (the software to run the VM)

Question 7

What tasks does the hypervisor handle?

Answer 7

handles the interaction of the input/output the guest OS requests of the host OS’s physical hardware

Question 8

How can the hypervisor be divided based on how they interact with the system?

Answer 8

Divided into 2 types

Question 9

What are the 2 types hypervisor can be divided into?

1. How does it run?
2. How is it controlled?

Answer 9

1. Type 1 - runs directly on the physical hardware (CPU, RAM, and storage) and doesn’t go through the OS (and even take its place)
2. Type 2 -runs via an installed app. Hypervisor controls interactions between VM and hardware. Needs to pass through the host OS (the app running the VM)

Question 10

What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Hypervisors?

Answer 10

Type 1 runs directly on the physical hardware (resources)

Type 2 run via app. Hypervisor passes through the app/supervisor on the Host OS to get to the hardware

Question 11

A number of companies make hypervisors. What’s one of the oldest ones?

Answer 11

VMware in 1999 for Windows and Linux

Question 12

What is Microsoft’s hypervisor called?What Type is it?

Answer 12

Hyper-V and is a Type 1

Question 13

What is Hyper-V included in?(2)

Answer 13

1. Windows Server
2. Modern editions of Windows 10 and 11 (except Home)

Question 14

Is Hyper-V installed by default?

Answer 14

No, you have to go to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features > Turn Windows Features on or off > Select Hyper-V

Question 15

What are 2 popular hypervisors available on macOS?

Answer 15

1. VMware Fusion
2. Parallels Desktop

Question 16

What’s a popular Type 2 hypervisor that’s free and runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS?

Answer 16

Oracle VM VirtualBox

Question 17

A hypervisor creates a system that cannot act….?

Answer 17

act like any other type of computer

(VM on an Intel system cannot act like a Nintendo DS, it acts exactly like the host Intel system)

Question 18

What is an emulator?

Answer 18

commands are converted to/from the Host machine into a different platform with software/hardware

Question 19

What’s an example of an emulator?

Answer 19

Install a Gameboy emulator application that runs a program file to play an old Nintendo Gameboy game (the emulator coverts the Host commands to the platform)

Question 20

What is client-side virtualization?

Answer 20

running a virtual machine on a local client PC (regardless of where the VM file is stored)

Question 21

What are the 4 steps to creating client-side virtual machines?

1. Verify
2. Install
3. Create
4. Start

Answer 21

1. Verify and setup the system’s hardware to support VMs
2. Install a hypervisor on your system
3. Create a new VM that meets the virtualized hardware req of the guest OS
4. Start the new VM, install the guest OS as if you were installing it on a new physical machine

Question 22

Every hypervisor will run better if you enable..?

Answer 22

hardware virtualization support

Question 23

What is hardware virtualization support?

Answer 23

extra CPU features that support hypervisors/supervisors (esp when using multiple supervisors for multiple VMs)

Question 24

What 2 resources do VMs need plenty of?

Answer 24

1. RAM
2. Storage space

Question 25

What are 2 RAM issues to keep in mind for VMs?

Answer 25

1. Leave enough RAM for the hypervisor to run well 2. Add enough RAM so every VM running at the same time runs well

Question 26

How do you calculate if your system has enough RAM to run a VM?

Answer 26

16-32GB should be enough, but check how much the Host needs to run comfortably and how much RAM each VM will need (consider the apps running on the VM too)

Question 27

How can you protect your VM files? (2)

Answer 27

1. RAID arrays (esp in businesses) 2. Back them up occasionally

Question 28

What's a benefit of having network support for VMs?

Answer 28

the hypervisor can connect each of the VMs to a network

Question 29

How do you enable the network in VirtualBox? (3 steps)

Answer 29

Settings > Network > Network Mode

Question 30

What VM networking is the default for VMs in Oracle VirtualBox?

Answer 30

NAT

Question 31

What does NAT stand for?

Answer 31

Network Address Translation

Question 32

What is the NAT type of VM networking best used for?

Answer 32

simple tasks like when you just want to browse the Web, read email, download files in the guest OS (has limitations on Windows file sharing) (default for VirtualBox)

Question 33

What situations is bridged networking used for?

Answer 33

complex situations, running a server in a guest OS

Question 34

How does bridged networking work?

Answer 34

it bridges the guest's virtual network adapter to a physical network adapter in the Host PC (and they exchange packets)

Question 35

What is internal networking?

Answer 35

Building your own internal network of VMs, sandbox-style (like a test network)

Question 36

What are virtual switches?

Answer 36

Just like how real computers in an internal network need to be connected via switch, hypervisors create virtual switches for virtual machines

Question 37

How are virtual switches set up? (2 options,VirtualBox and Hyper-V) Each hypervisor has its own way to set up these virtual switches

Answer 37

1. Can be set up automatically (VirtualBox) 2. Can require you to create a virtual switch to set up networking (Hyper-V)

Question 38

What is "Host-only networking" for VMs?

Answer 38

The traffic from the host PC and VMs doesn't leave the host machine (so it doesn't use the host's network adapter)

Question 39

The virtualization software you run on your host PC is called....?

Answer 39

a hypervisor

Question 40

When you install a hypervisor on your local PC and you use it to run other operating systems, you're using...?

Answer 40

client-side virtualization