Lesson 10 - Chapter 2: How Virtualization Works Flashcards
What is a supervisor?
programming that handles very low-level interactions between hardware and software (task scheduling, tracking time and resources, etc)
What do you refer to the physical system running a virtual machine?
the host
What do you refer to the virtual system running inside a physical system?
the guest
What is virtualization?
Creating and running virtual machines that act as physical computers
The software we use to implement virtualization is called what? why?
a hypervisor (or VMM) because its role is similar to the supervisor handling software/hardware interactions
What’s another name for a Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)?
hypervisor (the software to run the VM)
What tasks does the hypervisor handle?
handles the interaction of the input/output the guest OS requests of the host OS’s physical hardware
How can the hypervisor be divided based on how they interact with the system?
Divided into 2 types
What are the 2 types hypervisor can be divided into?
- How does it run?
- How is it controlled?
- Type 1 - runs directly on the physical hardware (CPU, RAM, and storage) and doesn’t go through the OS (and even take its place)
- Type 2 -runs via an installed app. Hypervisor controls interactions between VM and hardware. Needs to pass through the host OS (the app running the VM)
What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Hypervisors?
Type 1 runs directly on the physical hardware (resources)
Type 2 run via app. Hypervisor passes through the app/supervisor on the Host OS to get to the hardware
A number of companies make hypervisors. What’s one of the oldest ones?
VMware in 1999 for Windows and Linux
What is Microsoft’s hypervisor called?What Type is it?
Hyper-V and is a Type 1
What is Hyper-V included in?(2)
- Windows Server
- Modern editions of Windows 10 and 11 (except Home)
Is Hyper-V installed by default?
No, you have to go to Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features > Turn Windows Features on or off > Select Hyper-V
What are 2 popular hypervisors available on macOS?
- VMware Fusion
- Parallels Desktop
What’s a popular Type 2 hypervisor that’s free and runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS?
Oracle VM VirtualBox
A hypervisor creates a system that cannot act….?
act like any other type of computer
(VM on an Intel system cannot act like a Nintendo DS, it acts exactly like the host Intel system)
What is an emulator?
commands are converted to/from the Host machine into a different platform with software/hardware
What’s an example of an emulator?
Install a Gameboy emulator application that runs a program file to play an old Nintendo Gameboy game (the emulator coverts the Host commands to the platform)
What is client-side virtualization?
running a virtual machine on a local client PC (regardless of where the VM file is stored)
What are the 4 steps to creating client-side virtual machines?
- Verify
- Install
- Create
- Start
- Verify and setup the system’s hardware to support VMs
- Install a hypervisor on your system
- Create a new VM that meets the virtualized hardware req of the guest OS
- Start the new VM, install the guest OS as if you were installing it on a new physical machine
Every hypervisor will run better if you enable..?
hardware virtualization support
What is hardware virtualization support?
extra CPU features that support hypervisors/supervisors (esp when using multiple supervisors for multiple VMs)
What 2 resources do VMs need plenty of?
- RAM
- Storage space
What are 2 RAM issues to keep in mind for VMs?
- Leave enough RAM for the hypervisor to run well
- Add enough RAM so every VM running at the same time runs well
How do you calculate if your system has enough RAM to run a VM?
16-32GB should be enough, but check how much the Host needs to run comfortably and how much RAM each VM will need (consider the apps running on the VM too)
How can you protect your VM files? (2)
- RAID arrays (esp in businesses)
- Back them up occasionally
What’s a benefit of having network support for VMs?
the hypervisor can connect each of the VMs to a network
How do you enable the network in VirtualBox? (3 steps)
Settings > Network > Network Mode
What VM networking is the default for VMs in Oracle VirtualBox?
NAT
What does NAT stand for?
Network Address Translation
What is the NAT type of VM networking best used for?
simple tasks like when you just want to browse the Web, read email, download files in the guest OS
(has limitations on Windows file sharing)
(default for VirtualBox)
What situations is bridged networking used for?
complex situations, running a server in a guest OS
How does bridged networking work?
it bridges the guest’s virtual network adapter to a physical network adapter in the Host PC (and they exchange packets)
What is internal networking?
Building your own internal network of VMs, sandbox-style (like a test network)
What are virtual switches?
Just like how real computers in an internal network need to be connected via switch, hypervisors create virtual switches for virtual machines
How are virtual switches set up? (2 options,VirtualBox and Hyper-V)
Each hypervisor has its own way to set up these virtual switches
- Can be set up automatically (VirtualBox)
- Can require you to create a virtual switch to set up networking (Hyper-V)
What is “Host-only networking” for VMs?
The traffic from the host PC and VMs doesn’t leave the host machine
(so it doesn’t use the host’s network adapter)
The virtualization software you run on your host PC is called….?
a hypervisor
When you install a hypervisor on your local PC and you use it to run other operating systems, you’re using…?
client-side virtualization
