Religious studies Flashcards
Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
What is the first line of the Lord’s Prayer?
Our father in heaven, holy is your name.
What is the second line of the Lord’s Prayer?
Your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
What is the third line of the Lord’s Prayer?
Give us this day our daily bread.
What is the fourth line of the Lord’s Prayer?
And forgive us our sins, as we also have forgiven people who have sinned against us.
What is the last line of the Lord’s Prayer?
And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil.
How many ‘lines’ is the Lord’s Prayer?
Five.
What is the structure of the first line?
A description of God.
What is the structure of the second line?
Asking for God’s will to happen.
What is the structure of the third line?
Asking God to give them what they need.
What is the structure of the fourth line?
Asking God to forgive them and for themselves to forgive others.
What is the structure of the last line?
Asking God to keep them away from evil.
What word do you say at the end of christian prayer?
Amen.
What is one good thing about meditation and prayer?
Various answers: relaxation, feeling closer to God, being able to clear their mind and focus on the present.
What do Muslims face when they pray?
The ka’bah.
Where is the Ka’bah?
Mecca
Where do Muslims (particularly men) pray?
The mosque.
How can Muslims adjust their prayer?
They can ask God for something personal.
What is asking God for your own things called in Islam?
Duah.
Do women pray at the mosque?
No. They are encouraged to pray at home.
What must Muslims do before pray?
Perform wudu.
What is Wudu in Islam?
Washing to purify themselves.
What religion has a red dot on their forehead?
Hindu.
What is the red dot made from?
Sandalwood paste or kukum powder.
What is Hindu worship called?
Puja
What do Hindus usually use when they pray?
Bells, food, scents and lamps to create a holy atmosphere.
How many Gods do Sikhs have?
One- they are monotheistic.
Where do most Sikhs live?
India.
Who do Sikhs worship?
Gudwara.
What is one of the main Hindu deities?
Ganesh the elephant goddess.
What six things does Hindu puja include?
Bell, murti, sandal wood paste, food offerings, holy water and an incense stick.
Why do Hindus have a bell in puja?
To let the deity know puja is about to begin.
What is a murti?
A statue of a god/goddess that contains the presence of the god/goddess represented.
What is sandalwood paste used for in Hindu puja?
Used to mark the worshippers forehead.
What are food offerings for in puja?
They believe the deity has blessed the food and it symbolises love between the worshippers and the gods.
What is water used for in puja?
Water is used to clean the murti.
What is incense used for in Hinduism?
To create a holy atmosphere and to purify the air.
What religion is Salah used in?
Islam.
What are the five pillars of Islam?
Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Hajj and Fasting.
What is shahada in Islam?
It is a testimony to only pray to Allah and his messenger the prophet Mohammed.
What is Salah in Islam?
Muslim prayer.
What is Zakat in the five pillars of Islam?
Giving to charity or paying the Zakat.
What is Hajj, the fourth pillar of Islam?
It means making the pilgrimage to the Ka’bah in Mecca at some point in their lives.
When do Muslims fast?
In the month of Ramadan.
What is simple Meditation called in Buddhism?
Samatha.
Which religion uses meditation a lot?
Buddhism.
What does Samatha do?
Help you develop a calm mind and relax.
What is the definition of Meditation?
Meditation is when you focus your mind on something e.g. a picture, poetry, a holy book or your breathing.
Is all meditation religious?
No- non religious meditation calms people down whereas religious forms of meditation can help you focus or understand religious teachings.
What is another main form of Buddhist meditation?
Mandalas.
What is a mandala?
A sort of piece of art- a pattern made from sand.
What happens when a mandala is finished?
It is swept away and into the sea or a river to remind them that nothing is permanent.
What are Buddhist monks supposed to think of while creating mandalas?
The Buddhist teachings.
What do the different colours and images of a mandala represent?
Different teachings of the Buddha.
Do you have to be a monk or nun to be Buddhist?
No- most people aren’t.
Do Buddhists drink alcohol?
Not normally.
Are Buddhists vegetarian?
Not typically for religious reasons, contrary to popular belief.
Who do Buddhists pray to?
No one although there are some supernatural figures on the path to enlightenment.
What religion celebrates Ganesh Chathurti?
Hindu
Who celebrates Wesak (Vesak)?
Buddhism
Who celebrates Ramadan?
Muslims
Who celebrates Lent?
Christians
Why do Christian’s celebrate Lent?
To feel closer to God
When is shrove Tuesday?
The Tuesday before Lent.
What is another name for shrove Tuesday?
Pancake day
Why do people have Shrove Tuesday?
To use up any nice or tempting foods.
When is Ash Wednesday?
When Lent starts
When is Lent? (Roughly)
It’s held around February or March depending on when Easter is.
What happens during Ash Wednesday?
Christians go to church and a priest or pastor wipes ash on their forehead.
Why do Christians have ash wiped on them on Ash Wednesday?
To remind them that they are sinful and should repent.
What does repent mean?
Be sorry for their sins
Why do Buddhists celebrate Wesak (Vesak)?
Because it’s the birthday of the Buddha.
Who is the Buddha?
He is NOT A GOD. He is an ex-prince who found the secret to enlightenment.
What does enlightenment mean?
A state of knowledge or discovery
What did the Buddha find out?
How to end suffering.
How did the Buddha say we should live?
In the middle way- neither too poor nor too rich.
What did the Buddha say was the reason we suffer?
Because we crave things too much. We need just the right amount of everything in our lives.
What is one of the main Buddhist teachings?
Not to obsess over things.
When the Buddha was enlightened, what happened?
He was given the title of the Buddha and began teaching how to end suffering to his followers.
What is Ramadan similar to?
Lent, in a way.
How long do Muslims fast for in Ramadan?
40 days
Why do Muslims fast during Ramadan?
Because one of the five pillars of Islam which means they have to do it unless circumstances (like being ill) prevent them from doing it.
What, other than fasting, do Muslims do for Ramadan?
They pray more than usual and get her with their family.
What does fasting mean?
They don’t eat or drink from dawn until dark. This would be a lot harder in summer because the days are much longer.
What is Eid?
Eid, or Eid-ul-Fitr is the day of celebration at the end of Ramadan.
What do people do at Eid?
Muslims pray, feast and even go to massive fairs and carnivals (like Eid on the Square in London).
Why do people celebrate Eid?
To thank Allah (the Muslim God) for helping them through fasting all month.
When is Ganesh Chathurti normally?
There isn’t a set time- it’s based on the lunar calendar.
What is the lunar calendar?
The calendar some religions use based on the moon
Why is Ganesh Chathurti celebrated?
To celebrate the Birth of Ganesh.
Who is Ganesh?
The elephant-headed God of Intelligence.
Who made Ganesh?
The Hindu goddess Pavarti
What did Pavarti make Ganesh out of?
Mud clay
How do Christians celebrate Lent?
They give up something they love.
What is Lent meant to do for Christians?
Help them reflect and be serious about their religion but also to help them feel closer to God.
How often is Ganesh Chathurti held?
Every year roughly.
What is Ganesh the God of?
Intelligence
What is the story of Ganesh Chathurti?
The story is that the goddess Pavarti wanted to have a bath, and created Ganesh out of mud to make sure no one disturbed her. However, Pavarti’s husband, the God Shiva came and asked to see his wife. Being loyal to his creator, Ganesh didn’t let him in, not knowing that he was her husband. So, in anger, Shiva chopped off Ganesh’s head. When Pavarti came out, she was infuriated that her son had no head so she demanded that Shiva go into the forest and get the head of the first animal he found. He happened to find an elephant first, hence why the Ganesh we know now has the head of an elephant.
What is the story behind Lent?
Jesus was led by the Holy Spirit to the desert of Judea to reflect. He didn’t bring any water or food. In his 40 days there, the devil himself, Satan, tried to tempt him by saying why didn’t he just turn stones into bread? Jesus refused. Then the devil tried to get him to jump off of a temple. Jesus refused. Then Satan tried to tempt him to give in to his adoring crowds and be worshipped. Yet, Jesus still completed his time in the desert without giving in to temptation.
When is Wesak celebrated?
On the full moon in May.
What is the most important of Buddhist festivals?
Wesak
What is one way Wesak is celebrated?
Homes may be cleaned and decorated with much colour and joy.
What do people do in Thailand to celebrate Wesak?
Special Wesak lanterns are made out of paper and wood, and there are large ceremonial releases of cadged birds.
Where do Buddhists go in Wesak?
Their local temple, to see services and listen to teachings, and to will give offerings to the monks of food, candles and flowers.
What ceremonies happen at Buddhist temples during Wesak?
There are traditional dances at shrines, and chanting and praying are also important parts of the festival.
What is, ‘The bathing of the Buddha’?
Water is poured over the shoulders of a model of Buddha and serves as a reminder to purify the mind from greed, hatred and ignorance.
What does blue mean in buddhism?
The sky
What does green mean in Buddhism?
Water
What does red mean in Buddhism?
Fire
What does white mean in Buddhism?
Air
What does yellow mean in Buddhism?
Earth
What does a snow lion represent in Buddhism?
Cheerfulness, focus, body and mind
What does the dragon mean in Buddhism?
Compassion, hearing and positivity
What does a tiger mean in Buddhism?
Confidence, awareness and kindness.
What does a wind horse mean in Buddhism?
Wind, and spreads the prayer and raises good fortune.
Who is the Buddha?
The founder of Buddhism
What are the three jewels?
They are the Buddha, the Dharma (the Buddhas teachings) and the Sangha (the spiritual community).
What is the eight point wheel?
This represents the Buddhas teachings as the noble eightfold path.
What is the lotus flower?
According to legend, where the Buddha took his first steps, lotus flowers bloomed. It symbolises the purity of the enlightened mind growing from muddy water unsustained.
What is the Bodhi tree?
This is the tree of awakening, where the Buddha achieved enlightenment.
What is a mandala?
A symbolic picture of the universe sometimes used in Buddhist worship.
What is the endless knot?
It has no beginning and no end and is sometimes used to symbolise the wisdom of the Buddha.
What is the Lung Ta?
The ‘wind horse’ is a very common symbol on Tibetan prayer flags.
What is the Buddhas name?
Siddhartha Gautama
What is ‘The Buddha’?
The name for the religious leader, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, who began the religion of Buddhism in 6 BCE in India. It means, ‘the one who knows’.
What is Dhamma?
Buddhist teachings. The things that the Buddha and Buddhism teach about life.
What is Sangha?
Community. The community of Buddhists across the world made up of monks and nuns.
What is enlightenment?
Waking up to what life is really like. This happened to the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama.
What is anicca?
The idea that everything changes and decays. Nothing remains the same. It’s how life is. The Buddha thought of this when he meditated under the bodhi tree for 41 days.
What is Dukkha in Buddhism?
Suffering, and how it is a part of life.
What is anatta in Buddhism?
Having no permanent self or soul.
What is the middle way?
A middle point between 2 extremes.
What is tanha in Buddhism?
Craving.
True or false:
Buddhists believe that if they follow the rules they get good karma and will go to heaven.
False. There is no heaven in Buddhism! Getting good karma gives you a better rebirth and worse karma gets you a worse one. The goal of Buddhism is to end feelings of suffering and have a peaceful mind. If someone dies with a peaceful mind they won’t be reborn again (which is what they want).
What is the first noble truth?
There will always be some sort of suffering in life.
What is the 2nd noble truth?
Suffering is caused by wanting and craving things in our lives.
What is the 3rd noble truth?
You must accept that things will change.
What is the 4th noble truth?
You must follow the eighth-fold path and its advice.
What does the noble eightfold path tell you to do?
Have the right:
Understanding
Thoughts
Speech
Action
Livelihood
Effort
Mindfulness
Concentration
What are the three marks of being human?
-that things are always changing (anicca)
-that you are not permanent (anatta)
-that change makes us suffer (Dukkha)
What language is used to describe things like suffering and the Buddhas teachings in Buddhism?
Pali
What is a book containing the words of the Buddha called?
The Dhammapada
What does the eightfold path do?
End suffering
Where was Siddhartha Gautama born?
Lumbini in India in 560 BCE
What was the 1st of the 4 sights?
An old man
What was the 2nd of the 4 sights?
A sick man
What was the 3rd of the 4 sights?
A dead man
What was the last of the 4 sights?
A holy man
Where did the Buddha meditate?
Under the Bodhi tree
What does the Bhodi tree actually mean?
The ‘tree of awakening’ or the ‘tree of enlightenment’.
What does the right view mean?
That you must know the truth.
What does the right intention mean?
You have to free your mind of evil.
What does the right speech mean?
You must say nothing that hurts others.
What does the right action mean?
Doing actively kind things.
What does the right livelihood mean?
Work for the good of others.
What does the right effort mean?
You have to try your best and resist temptation.
what does right concentration mean?
You must practice meditation.
What does right mindfulness mean?
You must control your thoughts.
What do the Buddhists use to symbolise the wheel of life?
The dhammachakra, a wheel with 8 points.
What are the 3 poisons?
greed (raga, also translated as lust), hatred (dvesha, or anger), and delusion (moha, or ignorance).
