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Test Revision > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

Memorise map symbols and the different types of geography

1
Q

What is physical geography?

A

Nature/ natural disasters.

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2
Q

What is human geography?

A

People and their lifestyle; including where they live, how they develop and make a living.

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3
Q

What is environmental geography?

A

How nature can impact people and how people can impact nature.

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4
Q

What does physical geography include?

A

Volcanoes, earthquakes, rivers, seas, erosion, weather, climate.

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5
Q

What does environmental geography include?

A

Pollution, climate change, energy and deforestation.

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6
Q

What does human geography include?

A

Population, migration, settlement, countries and cultures.

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7
Q

What are the three types of geography?

A

Human, physical and environmental.

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8
Q

What does a compass do?

A

Show the direction of something.

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9
Q

What are the four main points of a compass?

A

North (N), South (S), East (E) and West (W).

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10
Q

What are the four secondary points of a compass?

A

North East (NE), North West (NW), South East (SE) and South West (SW).

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11
Q

What is the official name for a compass’ points?

A

A compass rose.

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12
Q

What is a continent?

A

Continents are large continuous landmasses.

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13
Q

What is a sea?

A

A large body of water (though not as big as an ocean) partially surrounded by land, separating the land and the ocean.

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14
Q

What is an ocean?

A

A large body of open water.

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15
Q

What is the difference between a sea and an ocean?

A

A sea is smaller than an ocean and is partially surrounded by land whereas an ocean is a massive open body of water.

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16
Q

What is the largest continent?

A

Asia.

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17
Q

What are the seven continents?

A

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.

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18
Q

What are the five oceans?

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Indian and Arctic.

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19
Q

What is the largest ocean?

A

The Pacific Ocean.

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20
Q

What direction do lines of latitude go in?

A

They are horizontal (flat).

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21
Q

What direction do lines of longitude go in?

A

They are vertical.

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22
Q

What are the three main lines of latitude?

A

The equator, Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

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23
Q

What are the two main lines of longitude?

A

The Greenwich meridian and the international date line.

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24
Q

What are the other names for the international date line?

A

The anti-meridian or the 180º meridian.

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25
Q

Why are lines of latitude and longitude important?

A

Because they can pinpoint an exact location for any place in the world.

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26
Q

What are lines of latitude and longitude measured in?

A

Degrees.

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27
Q

What does PO mean?

A

Post office.

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28
Q

What does Sch mean?

A

School.

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29
Q

What does FB mean?

A

Footbridge.

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30
Q

What does a black cross mean?

A

A place of worship.

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31
Q

What does a duck mean?

A

A nature reserve.

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32
Q

What does a PC mean?

A

Public convenience (toilet).

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33
Q

What does a red triangle mean?

A

A youth hostel.

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34
Q

What does a telephone mean?

A

A telephone for public use.

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35
Q

What do two swords mean?

A

A battlefield

36
Q

What does an ‘I’ with an orange circle round it mean?

A

It means an access information point.

37
Q

What does an ‘I’ with a blue square around it mean?

A

An information centre.

38
Q

Who invented the theory of continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener.

39
Q

What did Alfred Wegener do for a job?

A

He was a meteorologist.

40
Q

What does a meteorologist study?
(DON’T BE TRICKED)

A

Weather.

41
Q

What sort of person is a geologist?

A

Someone who studies rocks and land.

42
Q

What was the main point of continental drift?

A

That the continents move and separate over time.

43
Q

What did Wegener name the super continent?

A

Pangea

44
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Continental crust and oceanic crust.

45
Q

What is continental crust made from?

A

Granite

46
Q

What is Oceanic crust made from?

A

Basalt

47
Q

Which type of crust is heavier?

A

Oceanic crust

48
Q

Which type of crust is thicker?

A

Continental crust

49
Q

Which type of crust is lighter?

A

Continental crust

50
Q

Which kind of crust is thinner?

A

Oceanic crust

51
Q

How long ago was pangea formed?

A

240million-250million years ago

52
Q

What was one piece of evidence that supported Wegener’s idea?

A

The fact that the same types of fossil species were found in completely different continents.

53
Q

Did people believe Wegener?

A

No, most people and geologists didn’t. Actually though, some biologists supported his theory because it made sense of the evidence they had found over the years on fossils.

54
Q

What are convection currents?

A

The process that allows the continents to move.

55
Q

What is the first step for convection currents?

A

The Earth’s hot core heats the magma in the mantle around it.

56
Q

What is the second step to convection currents?

A

The heated magma is less dense so it rises through the mantle.

57
Q

What is the 3rd step to convection currents?

A

As it reaches the bottom of the plates the magma spreads out under the plates, dragging them apart.

58
Q

What is the 4th step to convection currents?

A

Where two convection currents are sinking, the plates will be pulled together.

59
Q

What is the 5th step to convection currents?

A

The magma cools and becomes more dense so sinks back towards the core.

60
Q

How many layers make up the Earth’s structure

A

4

61
Q

What is the innermost layer of the Earth called?

A

Inner core

62
Q

What is the name of the layer in which the Earth’s granite layer is found?

A

Crust

63
Q

What elements make up both the Outer and Inner Cores?

A

Nickel + Iron

64
Q

What is the rock called that lies within the Mantle?

A

Magma

65
Q

YOU MAY NEED PAPER OR A PLACE TO WRITE FOR THIS QUESTION-

Compare the differences and similarities between the Outer and Inner Cores? Think about their state, temperature and what elements they are made up of!

A

They are both made of iron and nickel. The inner core is hotter between 6000 and 7000 C compared to 3000 to 6000C in the outer core. The outer core is liquid but the huge pressure of the earth on the inner core means it is solid.

66
Q

What is the outermost layer of the earth?

A

The Crust

67
Q

Why didn’t people believe Alfred Wegener?

A

Because he couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved and because he wasn’t as qualified as others to work in that field of science.

68
Q

Who thought of the idea of Convection Currents?

A

Arthur Holmes in 1928

69
Q

1: which is the odd one out and why?

Crust
Mantle
Inner Core
Plate

A

It could be plate because it is the only one that isn’t a layer of the earth. It is part of the crust.

70
Q

2: which is the odd one out and why?

Plate
Earthquake
Volcano
Core

A

It could be core because it is the only one not to do with the movement of continents.

71
Q

3: which is the odd one out and why?

North American
Pacific
Antarctic
British

A

It could be British because it is the only one that isn’t the name of a plate tectonic.

72
Q

What layer is semi-liquid and semi-solid?

A

Mantle

73
Q

Who was Arthur Holmes?

A

A geologist who came up with the theory of convection currents.

74
Q

What were the three pieces of evidence to support Wegener’s idea?

A

The fact that the continents all roughly fitted together, how the fossils lined up and also how the same sort of rock was found in completely different places.

75
Q

Around where are volcanos normally found?

A

Plate boundaries

76
Q

What are the four types of plate boundary?

A

Constructive, collision, conservative and destructive.

77
Q

At what specific types of boundaries are volcanos normally found at?

A

Constructive and destructive boundaries.

78
Q

Fill in the gaps:
Volcanoes and earthquakes are mostly found on the edges of plate _______.

A

Boundaries

79
Q

Fill in the gaps:
There is a band of earthquakes through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean running from North to ______ between North America, South America, Africa, and _____ . At the Northern end of that, there is a small cluster of volcanos around Iceland.

A

South
Europe

80
Q

Fill in the gaps:
There is a band of earthquakes from the Southern Atlantic around the coast of Africa into the ______ Ocean where it heads ______ towards Oman. Earth quakes are found all the way around the ______ Plate and Nazca Plate and this is known as the Ring of ______. ________ are found around the Northern half of the Pacific Plate.

A

Indian
North
Pacific
Fire
Volcanoes

81
Q

There is a ______ of earthquakes around the Western edge of the Indo-Australian Plate and then North through the centre of the Eurasian Plate. A line of _______ occur on the boundary of the Eurasian and African plates. There is a small cluster of Earthquakes and volcanoes found in ______ Africa.

A

Band
Earthquakes
Eastern

82
Q

What is a plate boundary?

A

The edge of the plates/ where the edge of 2 plates meet.

83
Q

What is subduction?

A

A plate sinking under another plate.

84
Q

What are fold mountains?

A

Mountains formed when plates collide. The plate is pushed/folded up and a chain of mountains is formed.

85
Q

What is an ocean trench?

A

A narrow and steep ditch formed at a destructive plate boundary.

86
Q

What is lava?

A

Molten rock on the earths surface.

87
Q

What is magma?

A

Molten rock below the Earths surface.

Test Revision (21 decks)

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