Regulation of Body Composition Flashcards
What was the study in Humans that showed enhancement of health and longevity in a food restricted diet?
Okinawa Paradox, 20-38% food restriction
What is the Okinawa Paradox?
A diet that consists of vegetables and beans, they stop eating when they are 80% full, and they limited red meat and processed food
What study in mice showed enhancement of health with a food restricted diet?
When mice ate 65% less than a free fed mice
What other diets show health and enhancement?
Chronic Caloric Restrictions and Intermittent Fasting
What did they find in food restriction in mice?
That it released factors that promoted longevity and helped with energy balance
What is the first hypothesis on why food restricted eating may be beneficial?
When you eat, you turn on metabolism pathways such as cellular respiration that can accumulate by products such as free radicals that can contribute to aging and age related diseases
What is the second hypothesis on why restriction of food may be beneficial?
When you restrict your diet, your body resorts to survival mechanisms, which can promote cell health and can slow organ aging
What does new research on fasting show?
Fasting may promote weight and metabolic changes but increase in lifespan is dependent on genetic factors, immune health and physiological indicators of resilience
What happens to mice that lose weight on a calorie-limited diet?
Tend to die earlier then animals who lost relatively modest amount
What does normal intermittent fasting suggest?
That eating Overnight fasting/eating when you please has sufficient health benefits
What is one likely mechanism that fasting promotes lifespan
Via intracellular autophagy
What is intraceullar autophagy?
The process by which the cell breaks down damaged substances
What is regulation of body composition dependent on?
Not just dependent on what/how much you eat, it is also dependent on energy usage
What are the components of your daily energy consumption?
- Basal Metabolic Rate
- Diet Induced Thermogenesis
- Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
- Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
What is Basal Metabolic Rate?
Number of calories burned when at rest
What is Diet induced Thermogenesis?
The energy released as heat after eating
What is Exercise Activity Thermogenesis?
The number of calories burned from physical exercise
What is Non Exercise Activity Thermogenesis?
The number of calories burned during non exercise
What happens when you have a decrease in body fat?
You have more efficient usage of fat
What happens when you have an increase in body fat?
You have a less efficient usage of fat
What does a less efficient usage of body fat mean?
Your body has a more difficult time releasing and using energy, causing you to have a slower metabolic rate and harder for your body to use as fuel
What does an increase in body fat do?
Increase your body temperature
What does a decrease in body fat mean?
Decrease in body temperature
Why are weight gain and weight loss programs more effective in their initial phase?
Due to changes in the efficiency of energy
